Keratitis Flashcards
Define keratitis.
Inflammation of the cornea
What are the different types of keratitis?
- Bacterial
- Viral (herpes zoster, herpes simplex)
- Acanthamoeba
- Fungal
What is the most common type of keratitis?
Bacterial
What are the most common causative pathogens of bacterial keratitis?
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa –> contact lens wearers
What are the risk factors for bacterial keratitis?
- Contact lens use
- Recent eye surgery or injury
- Immunodeficiency
- Lacrimal duct stenosis
What are the clinical features of bacterial keratitis?
- Progressive pain
- Eye redness
- Foreign body sensation
- Purulent discharge
- Hypopyon may be seen
What is the main investigation performed for bacterial keratitis?
Slit-lamp examination
What is the management of bacterial keratitis?
- Abx: quinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin)
- Cycloplegics: cyclopentolate
What are the potential complications of bacterial keratitis?
- Corneal scarring
- Perforation
- Endophthalmitis
- Visual loss
What are the clinical features of herpes simplex keratitis?
- Usually unilateral
- Eye redness
- ± Eye pain
- Foreign body sensation
- Photophobia
What is the main investigation performed for herpes simplex keratitis?
- Fluorescein staining: superficial corneal erosions (dendritic ulcers)
What is the management of HSV keratitis?
Oral aciclovir
What are the clinical features of herpes zoster keratitis?
- Prodrome: headache, malaise, fever
- Impaired vision
- Foreign body sensation
- Photophobia
- Eye pain
- Vesicular eruption in forehead, bridge and tip of nose)
What are the main investigation performed for herpes zoster keratitis?
- Slit-lamp examination
- Fluorescein staining
What is the management of herpes zoster keratitis?
Oral aciclovir
