Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

pathology 2 > Keratitis > Flashcards

Keratitis Flashcards

(61 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what type of keratitis can you get?

A

Infectious and non infectious Keratitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does keratitis mean?

A

inflammation of the cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what type of infectious keratitis can you get ?

A

Bacterial
Viral
Fungal
protazoal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of non infectious keratitis can you get?

A

Toxicity
Exposure
marginal
CLPU & CLARE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of keratitis is bacterial keratitis?

A

Microbial infectious keratitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the prevalence of bacterial keratitis ?

A

60-90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the symptoms of bacterial keratitis ?

A
  • Photophobia
  • reduced vision depending on where keratitis is (if central then reduced vision)
  • in one eye
  • severe to moderate pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the clinical signs of bacterial keratitis ?

A

unilateral
>infiltrate if irregular in size and shape and in central and if it is larger than 1mm
>anterior to mid stromal full thickness of epithelium loss
>severe hyperaemia
>lid oedema
>anterior chamber reaction - cells flare to hypopyon and white puss is found in anterior chamber of inflammatory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the causes of bacterial keratitis ?

A

-cl wearers that wear their contact lenses day in and day out (Gram -ve bacteria most common in cl wearer)

  • contamination of cl cases and cls
  • CW>DW and soft»SIHy»GP( causes chronic hypoxia)
  • pre existing ocular surface
  • epithelial break
  • microbial invasion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what investigations are there for bacterial keratitis ?

A

DDxs from contact lens peripheral ulcers which has infiltrates smaller than 1mm and are circular and in the peripheral with no or min anterior chamber reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the management of bacterial keratitis ?

A

immediate discontinue wear of cl

  • refer to ophthalmologist for corneal biopsy and scraping
  • antimicrobial treatment (Fluoroquinolone)
  • antibiotics (Levoflaxin)
  • close monitor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what sort of bacteria is most common in cl wearers?

A

Gram -ve bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what type of keratitis is gram -ve bacteria associated with ?

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what sort of bacteria is most common with non cl wearers?

A

gram +ve bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the name of condition of microbial keratitis associated with protazoa?

A

Acanthamoeba

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the prevelance of Acanthamoeba?

A

85% of contact lens wearers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the symptoms of Acanthamoeba?

A

intense pain

photophobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the clinical signs of Acanthamoeba?

A

-Radial perinureitis
-anterior chamber activity and cells flare
-ring of infiltrates formed in stroma if untreated
followed by perforation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the underlying cause of Acanthamoeba?

A

swimming or having showers with contact lenses

cleaning contact lenses with domestic tap water supplies that have free living protozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the investigation of Acanthamoeba?

A

Often misdiagnosed for herpes simplex keratitis which has geographical ulcers that leads to dendritic ulcers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What type of Acanthamoeba keratitis is it?

A

infectious microbial keratitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the management of Acanthamoeba?

A

immediate stop of using cls

  • refer to opthalmologist for corneal culture and biosy
  • treated with piquanides (PHMB or propamidine) to disinfect organism in eye drop form
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the name of the condition of microbial keratitis associated with fungus?

A

Fungal Keratitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the prevalence of Fungal Keratitis ?

A

not common in the UK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the symptoms Fungal Keratitis ?
* Photophobia * blurred vision * Ephiphora * mucuparlent discharge (mucus and puss)
26
what are the clinical signs of Fungal Keratitis ?
yellowish - white densely supprative infiltrate
27
What are the underlying causes of Fungal Keratitis?
- caused by moulds ( asperillus, fusarium) or yeasts (candida) - px from warm climates - cl care products that do not disinfect for fungi - suspect in trauma whilst gardening
28
What type of keratitis is Fungal Keratitis ?
infectious fungal microbial
29
What is the Management of Fungal Keratitis ?
- -Refer to hospital - -antifungals - -often requires corneal grafting - -no comercial drug for treatment as it is very rare
30
What type of viral keratitis can you get ?
* Adeno virus keratitis * Herpes simplex keratitis * Vericella zoster virus
31
what is the prevalence of Viral Keratitis?
90% of population are seropositive
32
What are the symptoms of Viral Keratitis?
Often followed by colds/flues or cold sores
33
what are the clinical signs of Viral Keratitis?
- eyelid rash ( white vesicles) - punctate keratitis that leads to dendritic ulcers - stromal keratitis -oedema- vascularisation, infiltraion and leads to scarring - disciform keratitis - geographical ulcers - necrotising interstitial keratitis - Varicella zoster virus opthlamic shingles 65% corneal involvment
34
what is the investigation of Viral Keratitis??
DDxs epithelial defect is very characteristic and have dendritic ulcer which stains with fluorescence
35
What is the underlying cause of Viral Keratitis?
Herpes Simplex keratitis ( congenital/ recurrent primary occurs in childhood) causes blepharoconjunctivitis occasionally with corneal involvement Varicella Zoster Virus common cause HSV1 (cold sores) and HSV2 (cause genital herpes)
36
What is the management for Viral Keratitis?
- -Topical acyclovior - may require steroids for stromal disease - can be recurrent - harder to treat if cornea is a vascularised and cannot do corneal graft
37
What are the symptoms for Adeno virus ?
Painful Eyelid oedema tender auricular lymphadenopathy
38
What are the clinical signs for Adeno virus ?
Focal sub epithelium infiltrates
39
What is the underlying cause of Adeno virus ?
complications of adenoviral conjunctivitus | 30% in PCF 80% in EKC
40
What is the management of Adeno virus ?
Corticosteroids if severe leave alone as vision not effected monitor no discomfort no treatment
41
Name the non infectious type of keratitis?
CLARE & CLPU Marginal Keratitis Exposure Toxicity
42
What is CLARE AND CLPU?
Contact lens associated red eye | Contact lenses peripheral ulcer
43
what are the symptoms of CLARE & CLPU?
* Pain * Itching * foreign body sensation * discomfort
44
What are the clinical signs of CLARE & CLPU?
CLPU infiltrate smaller than 1mm circular and peripheral | no/min anterior chamber reaction
45
What is the underlying cause of CLARE & CLPU?
- excessive cl wear 14-18 hrs a day | - contact lens wearers
46
What is the investigation of CLARE & CLPU?
DDxs between bacterial microbial keratitis where infiltrates are larger than 1mm irregular in shape and more central. with anterior chamber reaction
47
What is the Management plan for CLARE & CLPU?
- Discontinue contact lens wear - symptoms usually improve - self limiting
48
What are the symptoms of marginal keratitis?
Dry eyes | eyes stuck together if associated with blepharitis
49
What are the clinical signs of marginal keratitis?
- -Inflammatory response to bacteria toxins - blepharitis - -non infective - -accumulation of infiltrates of white blood cells
50
What are the underlying cause of marginal keratitis?
> elderly patients | > a lot of staphylococcus on the lids margins that produce toxins and release in tear film
51
What is the management of marginal keratitis?
- -Refer to hospital as they need combination of topical and steroids - -Antibiotics - -lid hygiene
52
what do steroids do?
they suppress the inflammation
53
What do antibiotics do ?
They suppress the bacterial grow
54
How can you investigate marginal keratitis?
By epithelial defect and staining
55
What are the symptoms of exposure keratitis?
None- asymptomatic
56
What are the clinical signs of exposure keratitis?
* Red eye * ephiphora * looks angry * ectropian * lagopthalmos- eyelid not closing when sleeping
57
What is the underlying cause of exposure keratitis?
Associated with: - autoimmune disease Thyroid eye disease - Ectropian - Facial palsy (cannot blink properly) - Lagopthalmos - cannot blink properly so tear film does not spread evenly and prevents exposure
58
What is the management for exposure keratitis?
Refer to hospital for surgical treatment
59
What are the symptoms of Toxicity Keratitis?
none symptomatic
60
What are the clinical signs of Toxicity Keratitis?
- Diffused puncta Keratopathy - Associated with conjunctivitis reaction - Hyperaemia and follicles
61
What is the underlying cause of Toxicity Keratitis?
Things need to be preserved if used more than once otherwise leads to toxicity. preservatives prevent from bacterium but are toxic for the eye especially px with glaucoma and dry eye px

pathology 2 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions