🌟 ketosis Flashcards
some clinically confusing things (11 cards)
Front
“Back”
Why doesn’t obesity cause ketogenesis?
“Hyperinsulinemia blocks lipolysis → no FFAs for ketone production. Exception: Prolonged fasting or keto diet.”
Key hormone preventing ketogenesis in obesity
“Insulin (suppresses HSL → no fat breakdown).”
USMLE Q: Obese diabetic with ketosis?
“Likely severe insulin deficiency (e.g., DKA), NOT obesity alone.”
Front
“Back”
Insulin resistance definition
“Cells ignore insulin → glucose stays in blood → pancreas overworks.”
Key tissues affected
“Muscle (80% glucose uptake), Liver (gluconeogenesis ↑), Fat (lipolysis ↑ if insulin fails).”
USMLE Q: Lab sign of early insulin resistance?
High fasting insulin (hyperinsulinemia) before glucose rises.” “Front
How excess glucose raises VLDL?
“Glucose → acetyl-CoA → liver makes TGs → packs into VLDL → hypertriglyceridemia.”
Why obese patients have high LDL?
“VLDL overproduction → more LDL remnants (atherogenic).”
USMLE Q: Obesity + high LDL + low HDL?
Metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance drives dyslipidemia).
