Key Area 2: Cellular Respiration

Question 1

In what domains are cellular respiration pathways present?

Answer 1

All three

Prokaryotes, arches, eukaryotes

Question 2

What type of energy is in ATP?

Answer 2

Chemical energy

Question 3

What is the role of ATP?

Answer 3

• transfer chemical energy

- provide the link between catabolic and anabolic reactions

Question 4

Name four uses of of ATP?

Answer 4

• muscular contractions
• active transport
• mitosis
• making proteins

Question 5

What enzyme is involved in synthesis of ATP?

Answer 5

ATP synthase

Question 6

Where is ATP synthase located?

Answer 6

The inner membrane of the mitochondria

Question 7

What happens to hydrogen in the production of ATP?

Answer 7

Hydrogen ions are actively transported across the membrane from a low concentration to a high concentration
They then flow through atp synthase which then rotated and synthesised adp and pi

Question 8

Where does the energy used to pump hydrogen across the membrane come from?

Answer 8

High energy electrons

Question 9

Where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 9

Cytoplasm

Question 10

What molecule begins glycolysis?

Answer 10

6 carbon glucose

Question 11

What is phosphorylation?

Answer 11

The adding of a phosphate to a molecule

Question 12

What is glycolysis controlled by?

Answer 12

The enzyme dehydrogenase

Question 13

What happens to atp in the energy investments phase?

Answer 13

2ATP are phosphorylated and the phosphates are added to the glucose molecule to make intermediates

Question 14

Is oxygen needed for glycolysis?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

What is the hydrogen carrier in glycolysis and what happens to it in the energy payoff phase?

Answer 15

NAD

Hydrogen and electron are added, it becomes NADH and the carrier takes these to the electron transport chain

Question 16

What is the end product in glycolysis?

Answer 16

Two 3c pyruvate

Question 18

What is the total ATP produced?

Answer 18

2ATP

Question 19

Where is the citric acid cycle located?

Answer 19

The matrix of the mitochondria

Question 20

Is oxygen needed for the citric acid cycle?

Answer 20

Yes, it is needed for the pyruvate to enter the matrix

Question 21

What happens once the pyruvate loses a carbon?

Answer 21

It becomes acetyl group which then combines with coenzyme A and from a acetyle COA

Question 22

What does acetyl COA combine with?

Answer 22

Oxaloacetate to make citrate

Question 23

What is a waste product of the citric acid cycle?

Answer 23

Co2

Carbon combines with oxygen

Question 24

What is the role of dehydrogenase?

Answer 24

Removed hydrogen and electrons

Question 25

What are the carriers and what do they become with hydrogen and electrons added?

Answer 25

NAD - NADH

FAD - FADH

Question 26

What happens to the molecule once after it’s lost two carbon?

Answer 26

Reconverted into oxaloacetate so it can combine with another acetyl COA and the cycle continues

Question 27

Where is the electron transport chain located?

Answer 27

The inner membrane of the mitochondria

Question 28

What is the electron transport chain made of?

Answer 28

Electron transport proteins

Question 29

What is the energy from electrons used for in the electron transport chain?

Answer 29

To pump hydrogen ions across the membrane

Question 30

Is oxygen needed for the electron transport chain?

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

What is the role of oxygen?

Answer 31

Oxygen is the final hydrogen acceptor

Question 32

What is made when oxygen combines with H+ and electrons?

Answer 32

Water

Question 33

What is fermentation?

Answer 33

The release of energy from glucose with no oxygen present

Question 34

In fermentation, what is the pyruvate converted into in animals?

Answer 34

Lactate

Question 35

In fermentation, what is pyruvate converted into in plants?

Answer 35

Carbon dioxide and ethanol

Question 36

How many ATP are produced in aerobic respiration and fermentation?

Answer 36

Aerobic respiration: 38ATP | fermentation: 2ATP

Question 37

How is glucose stored in animals and plants?

Answer 37

Animals: as glycogen Plants: as starch

Question 38

What are the respiratory substrates?

Answer 38

- carbohydrates - proteins - fats

Question 39

Where do proteins enter the metabolic pathway?

Answer 39

Enter at

Question 40

Where do fats enter the pathway?

Answer 40

They are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids: glycerol enters at glycolysis and fatty acids enter as acetyl COA

Question 41

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 41

Release of energy from glucose with oxygen present