Key area 2.2

Question 1

Basic word equation for respiration

Answer 1

Glucose + Oxygen = ATP + CO2 + H2O

Question 2

Structural difference between ATP and ADP

Answer 2

ATP = 3 phosphate groups

ADP = 2 phosphate groups

Question 3

What process can ATP carry out

Answer 3

Phosphorolation

Question 4

Word eqn for phosporolation

Answer 4

ADP + Pi = ATP

Question 5

3 stages of respiration

Answer 5

• Glycolisis
• Citric acid cycle
• The electron transport chain

Question 6

Which stages require oxygen and which don’t

Answer 6

Glycdisis = Does not
CAC = Does
ETC = Does

Question 7

Where does glycolisis take place

Answer 7

Cyctoplasm

Question 8

Word equation for glycolisis

Answer 8

do on paper

Question 9

Why can the first stage of respiration be described as the energy investment stage

Answer 9

2ATP must be added in to gain 4ATP

Question 10

Where does the CAC take place

Answer 10

Matrix/Central cavity of mitochondria

Question 11

Hydrogen carriers in the CAC

Answer 11

FAD

NAD

Question 12

What does acetyl group combine with and name the molecule that is formed

Answer 12

Acetyl + Co enzyme A - Acetyle Co enzyme A

Question 13

What combines with acetyl Co -A to form citrate

Answer 13

Ocaloacetate

Question 14

Draw the CAC

Answer 14

do on paper

Question 15

Where does the ETC occour

Answer 15

Inner membrane

Question 16

Where do the hydrogen HEE for the ETC come from

Answer 16

Glycolisis

CAC

Question 17

Name the final hydrogen electron acceptor

Answer 17

Oxygen

Question 18

Which stage in cell respiration involve a chain of protein carrier molecules

Answer 18

ETC

Question 19

What is the function of ATP synthase

Answer 19

Enzyme which catalyses the synthesis of ATP

Question 20

Name two other respiratory substrates apart from glucose

Answer 20

Proteins and fats

Question 21

State when fats and proteins can be used as respiratory substrates

Answer 21

Fats = intermediates and glycolisis and CAC

Proteins = Amino acid used as intermediates an glycolisis and CAC

Question 22

What is the purpose of the enzyme dehydrogenase

Answer 22

Removes hydrogen ions or electrons from substrate and causes NAD to NADH

Question 23

Why are respiration pathways essential to the survival of cells

Answer 23

Provide energy metabollic pathways require

Question 24

what is the energy source for ETC

Answer 24

HEE

Question 25

Describe pyruvate preparation

Answer 25

Pyruvate gets broken down into acetyl Co-A and CO2 is released as a waste product

Question 26

Describe the ETC

Answer 26

- series of protein in the inner membrane - all the hydrogen ions and electrons that are carried by NAD and FAD are passed to ETC - the HEE electrons move down the ETC releasing energy which is used to pump H ions across the membrane - the flow of H ions rotates ATP synthase which synthesizes ATP - oxygen is the final electron acceptor which combines with H and electrons to form water

Question 27

What is the final yield of ATP in respiration

Answer 27

38

Question 28

What is the function of dehydrogenase

Answer 28

The enzyme that removes hydrogen ions and passes them to hydrogen carriers (NAD & FAD)