Key Area 6 - Animal Transport Systems

Question 1

What does the blood in mammals contain?

Answer 1

In mammals, the blood contains plasma, red blood cells and white blood cells.

Question 2

What does the blood transport?

Answer 2

It transports nutrients, oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 3

What is a feature of a red blood cell? - 1

Answer 3

It contains haemoglobin, a special pigment that combines with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin.

Question 4

What is a feature of a red blood cell? - 2

Answer 4

It has no nucleus, so there is more space for haemoglobin and so more oxygen.

Question 5

What is a feature of a red blood cell? - 3

Answer 5

Biconcave disc-shape, creates a large surface area for gas exchange.

Question 6

What is a feature of a red blood cell? - 4

Answer 6

A large surface area compared to volume, so oxygen is always close to the surface.

Question 7

What is the formula for a red blood cell?

Answer 7

Oxygen + Haemoglobin = Oxyhaemoglobin

Question 8

What’s the function of a white blood cell?

Answer 8

White blood cells are part of the immune system and are involved in destroying pathogens.

Question 9

What are the two main types of white blood cells?

Answer 9

1. Phagocytes
2. Lymphocytes

Question 10

What is the function of phagocytes?

Answer 10

Phagocytes carry out phagocytosis by engulfing and digesting pathogens.

Question 11

What are pathogens?

Answer 11

Pathogens are disease causing micro-organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi).

Question 12

What is the first stage of phagocytosis?

Answer 12

Cell processes surround the bacterium, enclosing it in a vacuole.

Question 13

What is the second stage of phagocytosis?

Answer 13

The vacuole moves into the cell.

Question 14

What is the third stage of phagocytosis?

Answer 14

A lysome fuses with the vacuole, releasing digestive enzymes.

Question 15

What is the last stage of phagocytosis?

Answer 15

Enzymes break down the bacterium. Products may be reused by the cell.

Question 16

What is the function of lymphocytes?

Answer 16

• Some lymphocytes produce antibodies which destroy pathogens
• Each antibody is specific to a particular pathogen

Question 17

What is the heart made of?

Answer 17

The heart is made of a special type of muscle called cardiac muscle.

Question 18

What happens each time the muscle contracts?

Answer 18

Each time the muscle contracts, the blood is pumped around the body.

Question 19

Which type of blood is on the right side of the heart?

Answer 19

Deoxygenated blood.

Question 20

Which type of blood is on the left side of the heart?

Answer 20

Oxygenated blood.

Question 21

What is the function of the veins?

Answer 21

Carries blood into the heart.

Question 22

What are the two types of veins found in the heart?

Answer 22

1. Vena cava
2. Pulmonary vein

Question 23

What is the function of the arteries?

Answer 23

Carry blood away from the heart.

Question 24

What are the two types of arteries found in the heart?

Answer 24

1. Aorta
2. Pulmonary artery

Question 25

What is the function of the right atrium?

Answer 25

Receives deoxygenated blood from the body via vena cava, pumps blood to right ventricle.

Question 26

What is the function of the right ventricle?

Answer 26

Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via pulmonary artery.

Question 27

What is the function of the left atrium?

Answer 27

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, pumps blood to left ventricle.

Question 28

What is the function of the left ventricle?

Answer 28

Receives oxygenated blood from left atrium, pumps blood around the body via aorta.

Question 29

What is the function of the valves?

Answer 29

Prevents backflow of blood.

Question 30

What is the function of the aorta?

Answer 30

Main artery leaving heart, carries oxygenated blood to the body.

Question 31

What is the function of the vena cava?

Answer 31

Main vein returning to the heart, carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Question 32

What is the function of the pulmonary artery?

Answer 32

Carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to the lungs.

Question 33

What is the function of the pulmonary vein?

Answer 33

Carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium.

Question 34

What is the path taken by blood around the body?

Answer 34

- Blood from around the body arrives at the right side of the heart via the vena cava - This blood is deoxygenated - The blood enters the right atrium, then passes into the right ventricle - The blood is then pumped out of the heart via the pulmonary artery which leads to the lungs - In the lungs the blood picks up oxygen and becomes oxygenated - Blood then travels from the lungs via the pulmonary vein and enters the left side of the heart - The blood enters the left atrium, then passes into the left ventricle - The blood is then pumped out of the heart via the aorta to be transported to the rest of the body

Question 35

What are coronary arteries?

Answer 35

The coronary arteries supply the heart itself with oxygenated blood. They branch from the aorta and spread over the heart.

Question 36

What do blood vessels do?

Answer 36

Carry blood around the body.

Question 37

What are the three different types of blood vessels?

Answer 37

1. Arteries 2. Capillaries 3. Veins

Question 38

What is the difference between the pulmonary artery and the aorta?

Answer 38

The pulmonary artery takes blood to the lungs whereas the aorta takes blood to the body.