Key Associations Flashcards
(134 cards)
1
Q
Actinic (solar) keratosis
A
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
2
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
A
Cushing ulcer (increase intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
3
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
A
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
4
Q
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
A
Skip lesions (Crohn’s disease)
5
Q
Aneurysm, dissecting
A
Hypertension
6
Q
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
A
Atherosclerosis
7
Q
Aortic aneurysm, arch
A
Tert. syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum distruction
8
Q
Aortic aneurysm, ascending
A
Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
9
Q
Atrophy of the mammillary bodies
A
Warnicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, opthalmoplegia, and confusion)
10
Q
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
A
Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)
11
Q
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer
A
H. pylori
12
Q
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
A
Streptococcus pneumoniae
13
Q
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
A
Group B streptococcus/E. coli (newborns), S. pneumoniae/ Neisseria meningitides (kids)
14
Q
Benign melanocytic nevus
A
Spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades
15
Q
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
A
Barnard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)
16
Q
Brain tumor (adults)
A
Supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
17
Q
Brain tumor (kids)
A
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma
18
Q
Breast cancer
A
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
19
Q
Breast mass
A
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in post menopausal women)
20
Q
Breast tumor (benign)
A
Fibroadenoma
21
Q
Cardiac Primary tumor (kids)
A
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
22
Q
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
A
Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)
23
Q
Cardiac tumor (adults)
A
Metastasis, primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; “ball and valve”)
24
Q
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
A
Chiari II malformation
25
Chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
26
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
27
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
28
Compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type 1: postmenopausal woman; type 2: elderly man or woman)
29
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
30
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
31
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
32
Constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing world); SLE (developed world)
33
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD > RCA > LCA
34
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
35
Cushing syndrome
```
Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy),
Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol),
ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma,
Paraneoplastic Cushing (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
```
36
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
37
Hypercoaguability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow triad (results in venous thrombosis)
38
Secondary hypertension
Renal disease
39
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thryoidectomy
40
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
41
Infection secondary to blood transfusion
Hepatitis C
42
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
Staph aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase +)
43
Intellectual disability
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
44
Kidney stones
Calcium= radiopaque
Struvite (ammonium)= radiopaque (formed by urease + organisms such as proteus vulgaris or staphylococcus)
Uric acid= radiolucent
45
Late cyanotic shunt
Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)
46
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
47
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher disease
48
Male cancer
Prostatic carcinoma
49
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
50
Malignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
51
Metastases to bone
Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid
52
Metastases to brain
Lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI
53
Metastases to liver
Colon >> stomach, pancreas
54
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
55
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
56
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
57
Myocarditis
Coxsackie B
58
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
59
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
60
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
61
Nosocomial pneumonia
Klebsiella, E. coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa
62
Obstruction of male urinary tract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
63
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
64
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
65
Osteomyelitis
S. Aureus
66
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
67
Osteomyelitis with IV drug use
Pseudomonas, S. aureus
68
Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
69
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
70
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great vessels, truncus arteriosus
71
Cyanosis (late; more common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
72
Death in CML
Blast crisis
73
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
74
Dementia
Amzheimer disease, multiple infarcts
75
Demyelinating disease in young woman
Multiple sclerosis
76
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
77
Dietary deficit
Iron
78
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
79
Ejection click
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
80
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (U.S.)
81
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S. aureus, B. cereus
82
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
83
Gynecological malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in U.S.); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
84
Heart murmur, congenital
mitral valve prolapse
85
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
86
Helminth infection (U.S.)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
87
Hematoma - epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
88
Hematoma - subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
89
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusion or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, 'bronze diabetes", and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
90
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)
91
Hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand disease
92
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
93
HLA-B27
Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis
94
HLA-DR3 or DR4
Diabetes mellitus type 1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
95
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
96
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
97
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Alcohol (adults). cystic fibrosis (kids)
98
Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL: child; CLL: adults > 60; AML: adult ~ 65; CML: adult 30-60
99
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
100
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22)(bcr-abl)
CML (may sometimes be assc with ALL/AML)
101
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotrophic "acidophilic" adenoma
102
Primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45, XO)
103
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple Myeloma
104
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
105
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
106
Primary liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, α1-antitrypsin deficiency)
107
Pulmonary hypertension
COPD
108
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease (strongly assc with tobacco)
109
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma: assc with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
110
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
111
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
Inc ventricular filling (left to right shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])
112
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
113
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
114
Sexually transmitted disease
Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)
115
SIADH
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
116
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
117
Sites of atherosclerosis
Ab aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
118
Stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
119
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
120
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphoma (bcl-2 activation)
121
t(8;14)
Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation)
122
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
123
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
124
Testicular tumor
Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)
125
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
126
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
127
Tumor of infancy
Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
128
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
129
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
130
Type of Hodgkin
Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
131
Type of non-Hodgkin
Diffuse large cell
132
UTI
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
133
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
134
Vitamin deficiency (US)
Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3-4 month supply; prevents neural tube defects)
