Key Associations Flashcards
(134 cards)
1
Q
Actinic (solar) keratosis
A
Precursor to SCC
2
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
A
Cushing ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion)
3
Q
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
A
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
4
Q
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
A
Skip lesions (Crohn disease)
5
Q
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal
A
Atherosclerosis
6
Q
Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch
A
Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction
7
Q
Aortic aneurysm, thoracic
A
Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
8
Q
Aortic dissection
A
Hypertension
9
Q
Atrophy of the mamillary bodies
A
Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, confusion)
10
Q
Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
A
Sickle cell disease (hemoglobin S)
11
Q
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach ulcer
A
H. pylori
12
Q
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
A
S. pneumoniae
13
Q
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids) (4)
A
GBS/E. coli (newborns)
S. pneumoniae/N. meningitidis (kids/teens)
14
Q
Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma
A
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)
15
Q
Bleeding disorder with GpIb Deficiency
A
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to vWF)
16
Q
Brain tumor (adults) (where and 4/5)
A
Supratentorial: Mets, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma
17
Q
Brain tumor (kids) (2/2)
A
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
Supratentorial: craniopharyngioma
18
Q
Breast cancer
A
Invasive ductal carcinoma
19
Q
Breast mass (2)
A
Fibrocystic change
Carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
20
Q
Breast tumor (benign)
A
Fibroadenoma
21
Q
Cardiac Primary Tumor (kids)
A
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
22
Q
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
A
Marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial)
23
Q
Cardiac tumor (adults) (2)
A
Metastasis, myxoma (90% in left atrium; “ball and valve”)
24
Q
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
A
Chiari II Malformation
25
Chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation (ass'd with high risk of emboli)
26
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune) (2)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
27
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
28
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
29
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
30
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (Inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
31
Constrictive pericarditis (2/3)
TB (developing world
| Idiopathic, viral illness (developed world)
32
Coronary arteries involved in thrombosis
LAD more than RCA more than circumflex
33
Cretinism (2)
Iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism
34
Cushing syndrome (4)
Iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy)
Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)
Paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
35
Cyanosis (early; less common) (3)
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, trucus arteriosus
36
Cyanosis (late, more common) (3)
VSD, ASD, PDA
37
Death in CML
Blast crisis
38
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
39
Dementia (2)
Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)
40
Demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
41
DIC (6)
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
42
Dietary deficit
Iron
43
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker diverticulum (dx by barium swallow)
44
Ejection click
Aortic stenosis
45
Esophageal cancer (2)
Squamos cell carcinoma (worldwide)
| Adenocarcinoma (US)
46
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated) (2)
S. aureus, B. cereus
47
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
48
Gynecologic malignancy (2)
```
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US)
Cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
```
49
Heart murmur, congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
50
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis (2/3)
Mitral more than aortic (rheumatic fever)
| Tricuspid (IVDA)
51
Helminth infection (US) (2)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
52
Hematoma - epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)
53
Hematoma - subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)
54
Hemochromatosis (2)
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in heart failure, "bronze diabetes," and increased risk of HCC)
55
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver (associated with HBV and HCV and with alcoholism)
56
Hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand disease
57
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
58
HLA-B27
Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis
59
HLA-DR3 (4)
T1DM, SLE, Graves disease, Hashimoto thyroiditis
60
HLA-DR4 (2)
T1DM, rheumatoid arthritis
61
Holosystolic murmur (3)
VSD, tricuspid regurg, mitral regurg
62
Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow triad DERRRRRRR
63
Secondary Hypertension
Renal disease
64
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
65
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
66
Infection secondary to blood transfusion
Hepatitis C
67
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
S. aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase +)
| This list ain't exactly exhaustive...
68
Intellectually disability
Down syndrome, Fragile X
69
Kidney Stones
Calcium - Radioopaque
Struvite (ammonium) - Radioopaque (formed by urease positive organisms like Klebsiella, Proteus spps, and S. saprophyticus)
Uric acid - radiolucent
70
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right left)
Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pHTN/polycythemia)
71
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
72
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher disease
73
Male cancer
Prostatic carcinoma
74
Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
75
Malignancy (kids) (2)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
76
Metastases to bone (4)
Prostate, breast more than lung more than thyroid
77
Metastases to brain (5)
Lung more than breast more than genitourinary more than melanoma more than GI
78
Metastases to liver (3)
Colon way more than stomach, pancreas
79
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only
80
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
81
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
82
Myocarditis
Coxsackie B
83
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
84
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
85
Neuron migration failure
Kallman syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
86
Nosocomial pneumonia (2+)
S. aureus, Pseudomonas, other enteric gram neg rods
87
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
88
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
89
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
90
Osteomyelitis
S. aureus (most common overall)
91
Osteomyelitis in sickle cel disease
Salmonella
92
Osteomyelitis with IVDA (3)
Pseudomonas, Candida, S. aureus
93
Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)
Serous cystadenoma
94
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
95
Pancreatitis (acute) (2)
Gallstones, alcohol
96
Pancreatitis (chronic) (2)
```
Alcohol (adults)
Cystic fibrosis (kids)
```
97
Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML by age
ALL: child
CLL: adult over 60
AML: adult around 65
CML: adult 45-85
98
Pelvic inflammatory disease (2)
C. trachomatis
| N. gonorrheae
99
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (BCR-ABL)
CML (sometimes ALL/AML)
100
Pituitary tumor (2)
Prolactinoma
| Somatotropic adenoma
101
Primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45, XO)
102
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
103
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
104
Primary hyperparathyroidism (3)
Adneoma, hyperplasia, carcinoma
105
Primary liver cancer (1/5)
HCC (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease)
106
Pulmonary hypertension
COPD
107
Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger disease (strongly associated with smoking)
108
Renal tumor (2/6)
```
RCC: Associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking
Paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTHrP, ACTH)
```
109
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale (no shit isn't that like the fucking definition of cor pulmonale. Like fucking saying "Hypertension" and the answer is "High blood pressure")
110
S3 heart sound (what, 2 diseases)
Increased ventricular filling pressure (e.g. mitral regurg or HF), common in dilated ventricles
111
S4 heart sound (what, 2 diseases)
Stiff hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
112
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of CKD
113
Sexually transmitted disease (2)
C. trachomatis (usually with coinfection of N. gonorrhoeae)
114
SIADH
Small cell lung cancer
115
Site of diverticular
Sigmoid colon
116
Sites of atherosclerosis (4)
Abdominal aorta more than coronary artery more than popliteal artery more than carotid artery
117
Stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
118
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
119
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphomas (BCL-2 activation, anti-apoptotic oncogene)
120
t(8;14)
Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc fusion, transcription factor oncogene)
121
t(9;22)
Philadelpha chromosome, CML (BCR-ABL activation, tyrosine kinase oncogene)
122
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to occlusion of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatic
123
Testicular cancer
Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)
124
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
125
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
126
Tumor of infancy
Strawberry hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
127
Tumor of adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
128
Tumor of adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
129
Type of Hodgkin Lymphoma
Nodular sclerosing (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
130
Type of non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
131
UTI (2)
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
132
Vertebral compression fracture
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)
133
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
134
Vitamin Deficiency (US)
Folate (pregnant women are at high risk, body stores only 3 to 4 month supply, prevents NTDs)
