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Key Associations Flashcards

(134 cards)

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1
Q

Actinic (solar) keratosis

A

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

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2
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated w/ CNS injury

A

Cushing’s ulcer (increased ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

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3
Q

Acute gastric ulcer associated w/ severe burns

A

Curling’s ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

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4
Q

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

A

Skip lesions (Crohn’s disease)

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5
Q

Aneurysm, dissecting

A

HTN

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6
Q

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal, and descending aorta

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Aortic aneurysm, arch

A

Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

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8
Q

Aortic aneurysm, ascending

A

Marfan’s syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

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9
Q

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, opthalmoplegia, and confusion)

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10
Q

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

A

Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)

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11
Q

Bacteria associated w/ gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

A

H. pylori

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12
Q

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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13
Q

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

A

Group B streptococcus (newborns), S. pneumoniae/Neisseria meningitidis (kids)

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14
Q

Benign melanocytic nevus

A

Spitz nevus (most common in first 2 decades)

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15
Q

Bleeding disorder w/ GpIb deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand’s factor)

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16
Q

Brain tumor (adults)

A

Supratentorial: mets > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma

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17
Q

Brain tumor (kids)

A

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or
supratentorial: craniopharyngioma (cerebrum)

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18
Q

Breast cancer

A

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the US, 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer)

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19
Q

Breast mass

A

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

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20
Q

Breast tumor (benign)

A

Fibroadenoma

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21
Q

Cardiac primary tumor (kids)

A

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

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22
Q

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

A

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)

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23
Q

Cardiac tumor (adults)

A

Mets, primary myxoma (4:1 L –> R atrium; “ball and valve”

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24
Q

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

Chiari malformation (often presents w/ progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)

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25
Chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation (associated w/ high risk of emboli)
26
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
27
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
28
Compression Fx
Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal women; type II: elderly man or woman)
29
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
30
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
31
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
32
Constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing world); systemic lupus erythemoatosus (developed world)
33
Coronary A. involved in thrombosis
LAD > RCA > LCA
34
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
35
Cushing's syndrome
Iatrogenic Cushing's (from corticosteroid therapy); Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol); ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma; Paraneoplastic Cushing's (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
36
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
37
Cyanosis (late; more common)
VSD, ASD, PDA
38
Death in CML
Blast crisis
39
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
40
Dementia
Alzheimer's disease, multiple infarcts
41
Demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
42
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery
43
Dietary deficit
Iron
44
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker's diverticulum (Dx by barium swallow)
45
Ejection click
Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
46
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)
47
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S. aureus, B. cereus
48
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)
49
Gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US); cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
50
Heart murmur, congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
51
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
52
Helminth infection (US)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides
53
Hematoma - epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal A. (trauma; lentiform shaped)
54
Hematoma - subdural
Rupture of bridging Vs (crescent shaped)
55
Hemochromatosis
Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes", and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
56
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Cirrhotic liver (associated w/ hepatitis B/C and w/ alcoholism)
57
Hereditary bleeding disorder
von Willebrand's disease
58
Hereditary harmless jaundice
Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
59
HLA-B27
Ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis
60
HLA-DR3 or -DR4
Diabetes mellitus type I, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
61
Holosystolic murmur
VSD, tricuspid regurgiation, mitral regurgitation
62
Hypercoaguability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis)
63
HTN, 2ndary
Renal disease
64
Hypoparathyroidism
Accidental excision during thyroidectomy
65
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
66
Infection 2ndary to blood transfusion
Hepatitis C
67
Infections in chronic granulomatous disease
Staphylococcal aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase (+))
68
Kidney stones
Calcium = radiopaque; Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease (+) organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus); Uric acid = radiolucent
69
Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L --> R becomes R --> L)
Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary HTN/polycythemia)
70
Liver disease
Alcoholic cirrhosis
71
Lysosomal storage disease
Gaucher's disease
72
Male cancer
Prostatic carcinoma
73
Malignancy associated w/ noninfectious fever
Hodgkin's lymphoma
74
Malignancy (kids)
ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
75
Mental retardation
Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome
76
Mets to bone
Prostate, breast > lung > thyroid, testes
77
Mets to brain
Lung > breast > genitourinary > osteosarcoma > melanoma > GI
78
Mets to liver
Colon >> stomach, pancreas
79
Mitochondrial inheritance
Disease occurs in both males/females, inherited through females only
80
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
81
Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease
ALS
82
Myocarditis
Coxsackie B
83
Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
84
Nephrotic syndrome (kids)
Minimal change disease
85
Neuron migration failure
Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)
86
Nosocomial pneumonia
Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
87
Obstruction of male urinary tract
BPH
88
Opening snap
Mitral stenosis
89
Opportunistic infection in AIDS
Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly carinii) pneumonia
90
Osteomyelitis
S. aureus
91
Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
92
Osteomyelitis w/ IV drug use
Pseudomonas, S. aureus
93
Ovarian mets from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)
94
Ovarian tumor (benign, b/l)
Serous cystadenoma
95
Ovarian tumor (malignant)
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
96
Pancreatitis (acute)
Gallstones, alcohol
97
Pancreatitis (chronic)
Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
98
Pt w/ ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL: child, CLL: adult >60, AML: adult ~65, CML: adult 30-60
99
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae
100
Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl)
CML (may sometimes be associated w/ ALL/AML)
101
Pituitary tumor
Prolactinoma, somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma
102
Primary amenorrhea
Turner syndrome (45, XO)
103
Primary bone tumor (adults)
Multiple myeloma
104
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
105
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma
106
Primary liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatits, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1- antitrypsin deficiency)
107
Pulmonary HTN
COPD
108
Recurrent inflammation/ thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
Buerger's disease (strongly associated w/ tobacco)
109
Renal tumor
Renal cell carcinoma: associated w/ von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)
110
R. heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
Cor pulmonale
111
S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
increased ventricular filling (L --> R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])
112
S4 (presystolic gallop)
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
113
2ndary hyperparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
114
Sexually transmitted disease
Chlamydia (usually coinfected w/ gonorrhea)
115
SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion)
Small cell carcinoma of lung
116
Site of diverticula
Sigmoid colon
117
Sites of atherosclerosis
Abdominal aorta > coronary A. > popliteal A. > carotid A.
118
Stomach cancer
Adenocarcinoma
119
Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
120
t(14;18)
Follicular lymphoma (bcl-2 activation)
121
t(8;14)
Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
122
t(9;22)
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)
123
Temporal arteritis
Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to hrombosis of opthalmic A; polymyalgia rheumatica
124
Testicular tumor
Seminoma
125
Thyroid cancer
Papillary carcinoma
126
Tumor in women
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)
127
Tumor of infancy
Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
128
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
129
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
130
Type of Hodgkin's
Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
131
Type of non-Hodgkin's
Diffuse large cell
132
UTI
E. coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
133
Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
HSV-1
134
Vitamin deficiency (US)
Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3-4 month supply; prevents neural tube defects)

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