Key Associations

Question 1

Actinic (solar) keratosis

Answer 1

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

Question 2

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

Answer 2

Cushing ulcer (inc. intracranial pressur stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion)

Question 3

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

Answer 3

Cushing ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

Question 4

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

Answer 4

Skip lesions (Crohn disease)

Question 5

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal

Answer 5

Atherosclerosis

Question 6

Aortic aneurysm, asending or arch

Answer 6

tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

Question 7

Aortic aneurysm, thoracic

Answer 7

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

Question 8

Aortic dissection

Answer 8

Hypertension

Question 9

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

Answer 9

Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

Question 10

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

Answer 10

Sickle cell disease (hemoglobin S)

Question 11

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

Answer 11

H. pylori

Question 12

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

Answer 12

S. pneumoniae

Question 13

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

Answer 13

Group B streptococcus/E.coli (newborns), S. pneumoniae/N. meningitides (kids/teens)

Question 14

Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma

Answer 14

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)

Question 15

Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

Answer 15

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)

Question 16

Brain tumor (adults)

Answer 16

Supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiform), meningioma, schwannoma

Question 17

Brain tumor (kids)

Answer 17

Intratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

Question 18

Breast cancer

Answer 18

Invasive ductal carcinoma

Question 19

Breast mass

Answer 19

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

Question 20

Breast tumor (benign)

Answer 20

Fibroadenoma

Question 21

Cardiac Primary tumor (kids)

Answer 21

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

Question 22

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

Answer 22

Marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial)

Question 23

Cardiac tumor (adults)

Answer 23

Metastasis, myxoma (90 percent in left atrium; “ball and valve”)

Question 24

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

Answer 24

Chiari II malformation

Question 25

Chronic arrhythmia

Answer 25

Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)