key concepts

Question 1

Autism diagnostic criteria

Answer 1

Social communication/interaction deficits

Question 2

ADHD prevalence

Answer 2

5-7% children.

Question 3

Dyslexia

Answer 3

Reading disorder with word recognition

Question 4

Autism comorbidities

Answer 4

Intellectual disability

Question 5

Major DSM changes over time

Answer 5

Progressive refinement of diagnostic criteria and disorder classification.

Question 6

Autism evaluation methods

Answer 6

ADOS-2

Question 7

ODD definition

Answer 7

Pattern of angry mood

Question 8

MTA study findings

Answer 8

Medication better than behavior therapy; combined treatment slightly better; effects decrease over time.

Question 9

Biopsychosocial assessment purpose

Answer 9

Understand biological

Question 10

Adolescent brain development

Answer 10

Ongoing maturation of neural networks with prefrontal cortex developing later.

Question 11

Leading cause of death in adolescence

Answer 11

Unintentional injuries

Question 12

Nosology

Answer 12

Classification and categorization of diseases/disorders.

Question 13

Why ACEs matter

Answer 13

Linked to chronic health problems

Question 14

IDEA (Public Law 101-476)

Answer 14

Law ensuring students with disabilities receive appropriate education tailored to their needs.

Question 15

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)

Answer 15

Potentially traumatic childhood events like abuse

Question 16

Psychological impairment definition

Answer 16

Clinically significant distress or dysfunction in important areas of functioning.

Question 17

Reading development factors

Answer 17

Phonological awareness

Question 18

Intellectual disability criteria

Answer 18

IQ deficits

Question 19

ADHD gender/age differences

Answer 19

Boys diagnosed more frequently; girls more inattentive type; hyperactivity decreases with age.

Question 20

The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night

Answer 20

Novel featuring a protagonist with symptoms suggesting autism spectrum disorder.

Question 21

Methods of clinical evaluation

Answer 21

Structured interviews

Question 22

Neuropsychological assessment purpose

Answer 22

Evaluate cognitive

Question 23

Brain maturation in adolescence

Answer 23

Prefrontal cortex develops after limbic system; ongoing myelination and pruning.

Question 24

ADHD brain areas

Answer 24

Prefrontal cortex

Question 25

Neuropsychological testing domains

Answer 25

Attention/concentration

Question 26

Multifinality

Answer 26

Same risk factor leads to different outcomes in different individuals.

Question 27

History of mental health treatment

Answer 27

Evolution from institutionalization to more humane

Question 28

Intellectual disability categories

Answer 28

Mild

Question 29

Risk and resilience in mental health

Answer 29

Balance of factors that increase vulnerability versus those that provide protection.

Question 30

Risk factors for youth mental health

Answer 30

Family history of mental illness

Question 31

Neuropsychological testing in ASD

Answer 31

Identifies cognitive strengths/weaknesses

Question 32

Major DSM-I/II to DSM-III change

Answer 32

Shifted from psychoanalytic to atheoretical approach with specific diagnostic criteria and multiaxial system.

Question 33

Learning disability definition

Answer 33

Neurologically-based processing problem interfering with basic learning skills.

Question 34

Protective factors for youth

Answer 34

Supportive family

Question 35

"Rule out" diagnosis use

Answer 35

When information is insufficient but diagnosis is being considered and requires further assessment.

Question 36

Intellectual disability frequency by severity

Answer 36

Mild (most common)

Question 37

Autism epidemiology changes

Answer 37

Broadened criteria

Question 38

Male/female brain differences

Answer 38

Females mature earlier; males show greater lateralization; females have more developed corpus callosum.

Question 39

Health problems in adolescence

Answer 39

Despite physical health

Question 40

IQ predictive ability

Answer 40

Predicts: academic achievement

Question 41

Projective tests examples

Answer 41

Rorschach Inkblot

Question 42

CD definition

Answer 42

Repetitive pattern violating others' rights or societal norms/rules.

Question 43

Accommodation vs. remediation

Answer 43

Accommodations modify access; remediation addresses skill deficits directly.

Question 44

Epidemiology

Answer 44

Study of disease distribution in populations and influencing factors.

Question 45

ASD positive outcome predictors

Answer 45

Early intervention

Question 46

Key figures in mental health history

Answer 46

Locke

Question 47

Mahler's developmental theory

Answer 47

Phases of separation-individuation process.

Question 48

Conduct problem protective factors

Answer 48

High IQ

Question 49

Learning Disorder DSM categories

Answer 49

Reading

Question 50

Diet/vaccines in autism evidence

Answer 50

Scientific evidence does not support vaccine causation or dietary interventions.

Question 51

Mental status exam components

Answer 51

Appearance

Question 52

Nonverbal Learning Disorder and Asperger's

Answer 52

Alternative diagnostic concept for Asperger's; visual-spatial

Question 53

Adolescent risk-taking causes

Answer 53

Developmental gap between reward system and regulatory system; peer influence; hormonal changes.

Question 54

Children's mental health throughout history

Answer 54

Treatment approaches have evolved from punishment to therapeutic intervention.

Question 55

Common intelligence scales

Answer 55

Wechsler scales

Question 56

DSM-5 diagnostic approach

Answer 56

Dimensional rather than categorical approach to mental disorders.

Question 57

ADHD diagnostic criteria

Answer 57

Inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity pattern; early onset; multiple settings; functional impairment.

Question 58

Facial Inversion Effect in autism

Answer 58

Reduced difficulty recognizing inverted faces suggests atypical face processing.

Question 59

Conduct problem risk factors

Answer 59

Harsh/inconsistent parenting

Question 60

Freud's developmental theory

Answer 60

Focus on psychosexual stages and unconscious processes.

Question 61

Theory of Mind

Answer 61

Ability to attribute mental states to self/others; often deficient in autism.

Question 62

Mirror neuron theory of autism

Answer 62

Dysfunction impairs understanding others' actions/intentions.

Question 63

Erikson's developmental theory

Answer 63

Eight psychosocial stages across the lifespan.

Question 64

Bowlby's developmental theory

Answer 64

Attachment patterns and their effects on development.

Question 65

ADHD executive function impairments

Answer 65

Working memory deficits

Question 66

ADHD diagnosis factors

Answer 66

Multiple informants

Question 67

Etiology

Answer 67

Study of causes or origins of a disease/condition.

Question 68

History of present illness addresses

Answer 68

Chief complaint

Question 69

IQ distribution

Answer 69

Mean 100

Question 70

Health paradox of adolescence

Answer 70

Physically healthiest period but increased mortality from accidents and risk behaviors.

Question 71

ADHD subtypes

Answer 71

Predominantly inattentive

Question 72

CD developmental progression

Answer 72

Often ODD in early childhood → CD in middle childhood/adolescence → possible adult antisocial behavior.

Question 73

Cognitive development in childhood

Answer 73

Progression through stages of increasingly complex thinking abilities.

Question 74

Evaluating a child for ASD

Answer 74

Multi-method approach using standardized tools

Question 75

Piaget's developmental theory

Answer 75

Cognitive development through distinct stages.

Question 76

Major child/adolescent diagnostic categories

Answer 76

Neurodevelopmental

Question 77

IQ vs. Achievement Tests

Answer 77

IQ tests measure cognitive potential; achievement tests measure acquired knowledge and skills.

Question 78

Equifinality

Answer 78

Different risk factors lead to the same outcome or disorder.