Key Concepts 2.1 Flashcards
(22 cards)
How did Louis XIV and Jean-Baptiste Colbert extend the governmental power of France?
Led France into several wars and built the largest army in Europe. He also improved taxes that helped France’s deficit, but inevitably led to the detriment of France.
How did absolute monarchies limit nobility’s participation in government?
It made the king make most of the decisions of the country, however it allowed for the nobility to keep prestige and privilege.
What did absolute monarchies shift to in the Enlightenment
Enlightened monarchies, that restricted monarchs into giving more control to the nobles.
What happened to Poland during the 17th and 18th century?
An ineffective central government led to Poland being invaded several times, and even disappearing from the map at one point.
How did Peter the Great “westernize” Russia?
He created one of the most prestigious schools in Europe, created a powerful Navy, and promoted industrialization.
What did the English Civil War and Glorious Revolution protect?
Protected the rights of the gentry and the aristocrats. Petition of Right was created.
How was the Dutch Republic created?
Dutch provinces revolted against Spain and declared their independence.
How did the Peace of Westphalia affect the Holy Roman Empire?
Netherlands gained independence from Spain, and Prussia created their own empire. The Hapsburgs expanded East. The HRE recognized its official decline.
What was the significance of the Battle of Vienna?
Halted the Ottoman Empire’s westward expansion.
How did Louis XIV constant wars affect Europe?
Bankrupted France. Allowed other countries to form alliances against France which led to France’s demise.
What did the rivalry between France and Britain lead to?
Led to other wars in Europe and the colonies, for example the American Revolution and the 7 Years War.
What did the French Revolution result from?
The lack of representation for the commoners(peasants), the sheer amount of privilege nobility and clergy got despite being less than 3 percent of the population, and the financial crisis of France, raising cost of living up.
What was the first phase of the French Revolution?
The liberal stage, establishing the National Convention, Third Estate declared independence at the Tennis Courts.
What happened after the execution of Louis XVI?
The Jacobin republic, instituted the Reign of Terror, led by Robespierre. De-Christianized France.
What effect did revolutionary armies have on Europe?
Created changes to Europe, creating new forms of government, like the ones started in France.
How did women participate in the resolutions?
While many women participated in the revolutions, status remained restricted to men.
What did the French Revolution inspire?
The slave revolt in Haiti, that later morphed into the revolution for independence for Haiti.
What were the differences in opinions of the revolutions?
While many encouraged reform, some did not appreciate the violence it inflicted.
What did Napoleon do domestically?
He reestablished the Church in France, created a new education system, and created a new system of laws. (Concordat of 1801)
How did Napoleon use his military tactics?
To gain control over new lands, creating the French Empire.
What was the significance of Napoleon’s expanding empire?
Created new ideas of nationalism.
What was the significance of the Congress of Vienna?
Created a balance of power among European countries.
