key concepts Flashcards
what type of cells are animal cells?
eukaryotic cells
what are eukaryotic cells?
cells that have a nucleus and other complex structure which are surrounded by membranes
do either plant or animal cells have vacuoles?
animal cells may have them but they are small and temporary
what type of cells are plant cells?
eukaryotic cells
what types of cells are bacteria cells?
prokaryotic cells
3 features of prokaryotic cells
- no mitochondria (respiration) or chloroplasts (photosynthesis)
- plasmids (allows more genetic information to be shared between cells)
- single DNA loop (genetic material is stored in this in the cytoplasm as there is no nucleus)
what can mitochondria be seen with?
light microscope (but not in detail)
what can ribosomes be seen with?
an electron microscope
cell membrane definition
it is a partially permeable membrane so controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
nucleus definition
it is the control centre of the cell as it contains genetic material which controls the cell’s activities
ribosomes definition
responsible for the production/ synthesising of proteins
mitochondria definition
organelles that contains the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration, site for the later stages of respiration
cytoplasm definition
a jelly-like fluid that contains dissolved nutrients and salts and structures called organelles. it is where most of the cell’s chemical reactions take place
permanent vacuole definition
a fluid-filled sac that stores water and can make up as much as 90% of a plant’s cell volume
chloroplasts definition
the part of the plant that turns it green and contains chlorophyll, which is needed for the process of photosynthesis
cell wall definition
a barrier made of cellulose surrounds the cell, increasing the structural strengths of the cell
flagella definition
these are whip-like structures used for movement
plasmids definition
small rings of DNA found in the cytoplasm of a cell
what is found in a plant cell under a light microscope?
cytoplasm, cell membrane, chloroplasts, vacuole, cell wall
what is found in a plant cell under an electron microscope?
cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosome, mitochondrion, cell membrane, chloroplast, cell wall, vacuole
structures that animal and plant cells have in common
nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes
what structures are only found in plant cells?
chloroplasts, cell wall, permanent vacuole
what are prokaryotic cells?
they are single-felled and do not have a nucleus or any other structures which are surrounded by membranes
what microscope is needed to see bacterial cells?
larger bacterial cells may be visible using using a light microscope, however an electron microscope would be needed to the details of the cell organelles
