Key Date Timeline 1857-1890 (Africa)

Question 1

1850s-1860s (missionary activity)

Answer 1

Livingstone’s explorations in Africa, given Consul for the East Coast of Africa.

Richard Burton and Hanning Speke’s explorations to find Nile source.

Question 2

1867

Answer 2

Diamonds discovered in West Griqualand (annexed 1871).

Question 3

1869

Answer 3

Suez Canal opened.

Question 4

1875

Answer 4

Disraeli buys 44% of Suez Canal shares, £4 million spent.

Question 5

1876 (economics)

Answer 5

Egypt goes bankrupt under Khedive Ismail.

Question 6

1876 (meeting)

Answer 6

Brussels Conference to discuss European division of Africa.

Question 7

1877

Answer 7

British annexed Transvaal in South Africa.

Question 8

1878

Answer 8

Caisse De La Dette was set up to ensure Egypt repaid its debts.

Dual Control of Egypt was established between France and Britain.

Question 9

1879

Answer 9

Zulu War in South Africa

Question 10

1880 (trade data)

Answer 10

80% of trade through the Suez Canal in British ships

Question 11

1881

Answer 11

1st Boer War - Boer victory, given right to self-government.

Question 12

1882

Answer 12

British defeat Arabi Pasha uprising in Alexandria, ‘temporary’ takeover of Egypt begins.

Question 13

1883

Answer 13

‘Veiled protectorate’ established in Egypt following the Dufferin Report.

Question 14

1883-1885

Answer 14

Mahdist conflict, General Gordon killed in 1885.

Question 15

1884-85

Answer 15

Berlin Conference, held to negotiate partition of Africa by the European powers - established the principle of ‘effective occupation’.

Question 16

1885

Answer 16

Bechuanaland annexed from Bantu peoples after pressure by missionary John Mackenzie

Question 17

1886

Answer 17

Gold discovered in Transvaal which caused an influx of 30,000.

Question 18

1886 (company)

Answer 18

Royal Niger Company chartered under George Goldie.

Question 19

1888 (company)

Answer 19

Imperial British East Africa Company chartered under MacKinnon.

Question 20

1888 (mines)

Answer 20

De Beers Consolidated Mines chartered under Cecil Rhodes.

Question 21

1888 (protectorate)

Answer 21

British Somaliland became a Protectorate
(following sphere of influence agreement at the Berlin Conference - Gladstone)

Question 22

1889

Answer 22

British South Africa Company chartered under Cecil Rhodes.

Question 23

1890 (land acquisition)

Answer 23

Zanzibar acquired
(exchanged for Heligoland with Germany)

Question 24

1890 (exhibition)

Answer 24

Africa Exhibition - celebrating explorers and colonisation, displaying photographs, maps and routes of explorers including Henry Stanley.

Question 25

1890 (PM)

Answer 25

Cecil Rhodes becomes PM of the Cape Colony.

Question 26

1890s how much did trade increase between Britain and West and South Africa?

Answer 26

West Africa - Trade Doubled South Africa - Trade Trebled

Question 27

1890 (company fort)

Answer 27

British South Africa Company established Fort Salisbury in Mashonaland

Question 28

By 1914, what % of Africa was in European hands?

Answer 28

90%