Key Figures: Mazzini

Question 1

What was the organisation that Mazzini started?

Answer 1

Young Italy

Question 2

By 1833 how many members did young Italy have?

Answer 2

more than 50 000

Question 3

When did Mazzini join the Carbinari?

Answer 3

1827

Question 4

Under what age were all those in Young Italy?

Answer 4

40

Question 5

When did Young Italy attempt to invade Savoy?

Answer 5

1834

Question 6

Where was one of Young Italy’s failed revolts?

Answer 6

Genoa

Question 7

What was Mazzini’s political ideology?

Answer 7

Republican

Question 8

In total, how long was he absent from Italy for?

Answer 8

40 years

Question 9

In which two years did his revolts fail?

Answer 9

1821 and 1831

Question 10

What was the impact of Mazzini’s propaganda?

Answer 10

Made the topic of unity talked about and gave it huge impetus.

Question 11

Which committed Nationalist and Republican did he convert to the cause of unity?

Answer 11

Garibaldi

Question 12

What areas did not concern Mazzini, leading to the movement becoming elitist.

Answer 12

Poverty, land redistribution and social policy.

Question 13

Who did Mazzini think should lead the revolution, but failed to convert to the cause?

Answer 13

‘La Plebe’

Question 14

How did Mazzini become politically alienated?

Answer 14

Moderates looked on him as too radical, and radicals looked on him as too liberal.

Question 15

What did he accept may be necessary in order to aid the cause of unity?

Answer 15

consitutional monarchy

Question 16

What are the three main alternatives to Mazziniian republicanism by 1848?

Answer 16

1) Gioberti’s NeoGuelphism
2) Cesare Balbo’s Piedmontese led unity
3) Massimo d’Azeglio

Question 17

What did Massimo d’Azeglio propound?

Answer 17

That the ruling classes should lead the revolution, not the peasants as Mazzini argued.

Question 18

Who did Cesare Balbo lead in Piedmont?

Answer 18

Moderate Nationalists

Question 19

In what book did Balbo argue for a federation of Italian states?

Answer 19

Le Speranze

Question 20

When was Balbo’s Le Speranze published?

Answer 20

1844

Question 21

What did Balbo advocate in his book Le Speranze?

Answer 21

A federation of Italian states under Piedmont

Question 22

Rather than a federation of Italian states under Piedmont, what method of unity did Mazzini advocate?

Answer 22

A fusion of states into a single state

Question 23

To which Monarch was Balbo loyal?

Answer 23

Charles Albert

Question 24

What is the similarity between Balbo and Mazzini

Answer 24

They both wanted unity to come from Italy and it not to be imposed upon them by another country.

Question 25

What was the monarchist group that developed in the 1830s under Balbo called?

Answer 25

The Alberisti

Question 26

To which Pope does Gioberti relate to?

Answer 26

Pius IX

Question 27

When did Pius IX become elected?

Answer 27

1846

Question 28

What book did Gioberti write in 1843?

Answer 28

Primato

Question 29

How many copies did Gioberti's 1843 book 'Primato' sell?

Answer 29

5 000

Question 30

When was Primato published?

Answer 30

1843

Question 31

What did Gioberti believe should be the method of unity?

Answer 31

That pope Pius IX and the Catholic Church should head a national revival

Question 32

What stood in the way of Gioberti's ideas prior to Pius XI's 1846 election?

Answer 32

The reputation of the church as being reactionary

Question 33

Between 1846-47 how many political prisoners were freed by Pius IX, showing his liberal tendencies?

Answer 33

2 000

Question 34

What did Pius IX end regarding freedom of speech?

Answer 34

Press Censorship

Question 35

What was Pius IX's elected body of advisors called?

Answer 35

The consulta

Question 36

What did Pius IX do to Jews?

Answer 36

Let the out of the ghetto

Question 37

What did Pius IX's liberal reforms suggest?

Answer 37

The Gioberti's theories about his ability to lead the whole of Italy to unity were correct.

Question 38

What event, witnessed by d'Azeglio, meant that he believed that the only leader capable of uniting Italy was Charles Albert?

Answer 38

The revolution in the Papal States in 1845 against Pope and Austria

Question 39

What did the revolution in the Papal States in 1845 inspire d'Azeglio to write?

Answer 39

"On Recent evenets in Romagna"

Question 40

What did d'Azeglio dislike?

Answer 40

Revolution

Question 41

How does d'Azeglio differ from Mazzini in terms of foreign opinion?

Answer 41

He believes that European powers' positive opinion of unity is as important as mass approval for the unity.

Question 42

What did Balbo argue?

Answer 42

A federation of Italian states under Piedmont should make up the united Italy

Question 43

When exiled, through what did Mazzini keep in touch with the nationalist movement?

Answer 43

National Society

Question 44

How many letters and articles did Mazzini write for the cause of unity?

Answer 44

10 000