Key Groups

Question 1

Which group came about in 1911?

Answer 1

Society of American Indians (SAI)

Question 2

What did the SAI do?

Answer 2

Indian Citizenship Act

Question 3

When did the SAI operate?

Answer 3

1911 - 1923

Question 4

What did the SAI aim to do?

Answer 4

Pursued supported tribes and individuals in applying to the US Court of Claims.

Question 5

Which group came about in 1923?

Answer 5

American Indian Defence Association (AIDA)

Question 6

Who set up AIDA?

Answer 6

A group of writers and anthropologists

Question 7

What was the aim of AIDA?

Answer 7

Campaign for laws protecting the rights of Indians to their lands, their beliefs, culture, traditions and arts and crafts.

Question 8

Who was the executive secretary of AIDA?

Answer 8

John Collier

Question 9

What was Aida successful in?

Answer 9

Aida was successful in blocking the Leavitt Bill.

Question 10

Which group came about in 1944?

Answer 10

National Congress of American Indians (NCIA)

Question 11

What was so significant about the NCIA?

Answer 11

They were the first group of Native Americans to join together to form a protest movement

Question 12

What did the NCIA aim to do?

Answer 12

Aimed to involve ordinary Native Americans in the struggle to stop reservations and integrate NA into society so they were no longer funded by the taxpayer.

Question 13

What did the NCIA do?

Answer 13

Fought legal battles over discrimination and pressured the federal government for the Indian Claims Commission.

Question 14

What did NCIA obtain?

Answer 14

Pledge from JFK to develop human and natural resources of reservations (however this was not fulfilled by his assassination.)

Question 15

Which group came about in 1961?

Answer 15

National Indian Youth Council (NIYC)

Question 16

Who established the NIYC?

Answer 16

Educated Native Americans who were in college or recently graduated

Question 17

What were the aims of the NIYC?

Answer 17

Protect Native American fishing rights in the north-west of the country.

Question 18

What was the protests tactic of the NIYC?

Answer 18

Fish-ins

Question 19

Was the NIYC successful?

Answer 19

Somewhat - but slow progress

Question 20

What did the NIYC file lawsuits to do?

Answer 20

protect Indian land from ineral exploitation

Question 21

What group came about in 1968?

Answer 21

American Indian Movement (AIM)

Question 22

Why were AIM established?

Answer 22

Response to the slow progress of other organisations

Question 23

Who were the most militants Native American orgainisation?

Answer 23

AIM

Question 24

What did AIM do?

Answer 24

Took up issues of racial discrimination against Native American youths

Question 25

What do some people argue about AIM?

Answer 25

Their militants methods were counterproductive and went against Native American principles

Question 26

What was most recognisable about AIM?

Answer 26

Wore red berets and jackets. Monitored police activity.

Question 27

What happened after AIM started monitoring police activity?

Answer 27

Decline in arrest/imprisonment of young offenders.

Question 28

What group came about in 1970?

Answer 28

Native American Rights Fund (NARF)

Question 29

Why was NARF founded?

Answer 29

To defend the rights of Native Americans. Preserve tribal culture and way of life. (In particular, rights to hunt and fish)

Question 30

What did NARF want?

Answer 30

Reinstate tribal sovereignty

Question 31

What did NARF fight for?

Answer 31

The right to vote in those states where registration was restricted