Key Maths Flashcards
(206 cards)
1
Q
What’s an equivalent fraction?
A
Fractions that look different but are equal to each other
2
Q
How do you make an equivalent fraction
A
You times/divide the numerator and denominator by the same number
3
Q
What’s an integer
A
A whole number
4
Q
How do you add fractions?
A
Get common denominator then add numerators, then convert back to mixed. Subtracting is the same
5
Q
How do you work out a fraction of an amount?
A
Divide by the denominator then times by the numerator
6
Q
‘4/7 of 81’ what does the of mean?
A
4/7 x 81
7
Q
What’s the rule for angles on a straight line?
A
Add up to 180*
8
Q
What’s the rule for angles around a point?
A
Add up to 360*
9
Q
What’s the rule for vertically opposite angles?
A
They’re equal
10
Q
What’s the rule for angles in a triangle?
A
Add up to 180*
11
Q
What’s an isosceles triangle?
A
Has two equal sides (lengths) and two equal base angles
12
Q
What’s a quadrilateral?
A
Shape with 4 sides
13
Q
What’s the rule for angles in a quadrilateral?
A
Add up to 360*
14
Q
What’s the rule for alternative angles? What do these angles look like?
A
Are equal
Look for the S shape. As long as arms of S are parallel, angles in the S are equal
15
Q
What’s the rule for corresponding angles? What do these angles look like?
A
Are equal
Look for the F shape, if arms of F are parallel then angles in the arm of F are equal
16
Q
What’s the rule for co interior angles? What do these angles look like?
A
Add up to 180*
Look for C shape, if arms of c are parallel angles in the C add up to 180*
17
Q
What does it mean for a shape to be Regular?
A
All sides are the same shape and all angles are the same size
18
Q
What’s a quick way to work out how many triangles are in a regular shape?
A
Number of sides - 2
19
Q
What’s the equation for the sum of the interior angles of any polygon?
A
(Number of sides - 2) x 180*
20
Q
What’s a polygon?
A
A shape with at least three straight sides and angles
21
Q
What do an exterior angle + an interior angle add up to?
A
180*
22
Q
What do the exterior angles of a polygon add up to?
A
360*
23
Q
What do a tangent and radius meet to make?
A
90*
24
Q
Tangents from an extended point to a circle are what?
A
Equal in length
25
whats the circle theorem for when there’s an angle in the centre and the other three angles are touching the circumference of the circle?
Angle at centre is twice the angle of circumference
26
When does the circle Theorem ‘Angle at centre is twice the angle of circumference ‘ apply?
when there’s an angle in the centre and the other three angles are touching the circumference of the circle
27
What’s the circle theorem when all points of a ‘bow tie’ shape are touching the circumference?
Angles in the same segment are equal
28
What’s the circle theorem when one length of triangle is going through centre of circle, all vertices are touching circumference
The angle in a semicircle is always 90*
29
What’s the circle theorem for a cyclic quadrilateral
Opposite angles in a Cyclic quadrilateral add up to 180*
30
When is a quadrilateral cyclic?
All points of quadrilateral must be touching the circumference of a circle
31
What are the 2 rules for bearings?
Bearings are always measured clockwise from North, must always have 3 digits
32
How do you work out the HCF from a Venn diagram?
Multiply numbers in the middle
33
How do you work out the LCM using a Venn diagram?
Multiply all numbers in diagram together
34
A^m x a^n = ?
A^m x a^n = a ^m+n
35
A^m / a^n = ?
A^m / a^n = a ^m-n
36
(A^m)^n = ?
(A^m)^n = a^mxn
37
A^0 = ?
A^0 = 1
38
A^1/m = ?
A^1/m = m(square root of a)
39
A ^ n/m = ?
A^n/m = m(square root of a^n)
40
A^-n = ?
A^-n = 1/(a^n)
41
What does it mean when the question asks you to ‘evaluate’?
Work out
42
When dividing decimals using bus stop, which numbers need to be integers?
The number inside the busstop
43
When multiplying numbers in standard form what do you do?
Times the first integers, add the indices. Give answer in standard form
44
What are terms separated by?
Plus and minus signs
45
What are like terms?
Terms with the same letter
46
How do you expand triple brackets?
Expand first 2 brackets, then simplify answer, then expand with last bracket
47
How do you do simple factorising?
Look for HCF, rewrite but take HCF outside brackets
48
When do u use smiley face method to factorise?
When quadratic has number in front of x^2
49
What is the difference of two squares rule?
A^2-b^2 = (a-b)(a+b)
50
What’s a surd?
A square root of an integer that doesn’t give you an integer answer, eg square root of 5
51
What’s the surd law?
Square root of ab = square root of a square root of b
52
What does rationalising the denominator mean?
To get rid of the surd on the denominator
53
What’s the first significant figure of a number?
The first non zero figure reading from the left
54
How do you estimate?
Round each number to 1sf. Then work out the new calculation
55
How do you convert from a percentage to a decimal?
Divide by 100
56
How do you convert from a percentage to a fraction?
Write it over 100
57
How do you convert from a decimal to a percentage?
Times by 100
58
How do you convert from a decimal to a fraction
Multiply by 100 and write over 100
59
How do you convert from a fraction to a decimal?
Divide denominator by numerator OR try writing it over 100
60
How do you convert from a fraction to a percentage
Write over 100 OR change to decimal and x 100
61
What’s equation for speed?
Speed = distance / time
62
What’s equation for density?
Density = mass / volume
63
What is equation for pressure? What’s it usually measured in?
Pressure = force / area
| N/m^2 or N/cm^2
64
1 m^2 = ? Cm^2
1m^2 = 100^2 cm^2 = 10000 cm^2
65
1 m^3 = ? Cm^3
1m^3 = 100^3 cm^3 = 1,000,000 cm^3
66
What’s an expression?
Has no equal sign
67
How do you solve fractional equations?
Make a common denominator, times by it, expand brackets, solve
68
What do you do to solve a quadratic equation that equals 0
Factorise. Has 2 answers (usually opposite of numbers made when factorising)
69
How do you solve a quadratic?
Make it equal 0
70
When factorising a quadratic,which number do the numbers in brackets want to add to make?
The one with an unknown
71
What do you use to solve simultaneous equations?
Substitution
72
What is the equation for a straight line?
Y = mx + c
```
C = y intercept, where it crosses y axis
M = the gradient
```
73
What’s the rule for the gradient of parallel lines?
Parallel lines have the same gradient
74
What’s the rule for the gradient of perpendicular lines?
If you know the gradient of a line, the gradient of the line perpendicular to it will be the negative reciprocal of the first lines gradient
75
What are perpendicular lines?
Lines which cross each other at right angles
76
What’s the equation for the gradient of a line?
Change in y / change in x
77
What’s the equation for the midpoint of two coordinates
( [x1 + x2]/2 , [y1+y2]/2)
78
What’s the equation of Pythagoras theorem?
| What are the three rules for when Pythagoras theorem?
a^2 + b^2 = c^2
Only works on right angled triangles
Hypotenuse = c, it is opposite the right angle
a and b can be any line
79
What are the five rules for trigonometry?
Only work o night angled triangles
Hypotenuse is the length opposite right angle
Theta is an angle in the triangle which isn’t the right angle
Opposite is the length opposite theta
Adjacent is the side adjacent to theta, but not the hypotenuse
80
What are the three trigonometry equations?
Sin theta = opposite / hypotenuse
Cos theta = adjacent / hypotenuse
Tan theta = opposite / hypotenuse
81
How do you enter 10xsin60=x into the calculator
Sin (60) x 10
82
When you have cos theta = number/number, how do you get the theta on its own?
Cos -1, giving theta = cos^-1 (6/12)
83
What’s the equation for area of a triangle?
(Base x perpendicular height) / 2 = area
84
What’s the equation for area of a parallelogram?
Base x perpendicular height = area
85
What’s a parallelogram?
4 sided shape with 2 pairs of parallel sides
86
What is the value of sin theta 90*
1
87
What is the value of cos theta 0*
1
88
What is the value of cos theta 30*
(Square root of 3)/2
89
What is the value of cos theta 45*
1/(square root of 2) / (square root of 2)/2
90
What is the value of sin 0*
0
91
What is the value of sin 30*
1/2
92
What is the value of sin 45*
1/square root of 2
93
What is the value of sin 60*
(Square root of 3)/2
94
What is the value of sin 90*
1
95
What is the value of cos 0*
1
96
What is the value of cos 30*
(Square root of 3)/2
97
What is the value of cos 45*
1/(square root of 2)
98
What is the value of cos 60*
1/2
99
What is the value of cos 90*
0
100
What is the value of tan 0*
0
101
What is the value of tan 30*
1/(square root of 3)
102
What is the value of tan 45*
1
103
What is the value of tan 60*
Square room of 3
104
What is the value of tan 90*
Undefined
105
What’s a rhombus?
A parallelogram where all the sides are the same length
106
What’s a sector (in a circle)?
A section that goes from the centre to the circumference
107
What’s a origin (in a circle)?
Centre of the circle
108
What’s an arc (in a circle)?
A part of the circumference
109
What’s a segment (in a circle)?
A section of the circle not from the centre
110
What’s a tangent (in a circle)?
Outside circle, Touches circumference at one point
111
What’s a chord (in a circle)?
Line that goes across the circle but doesn’t go through the middle of the circle
112
What’s the diameter?
The distance from one edge of the circle to the other, passing through the centre
113
What’s the radius?
The distance from the centre of the circle to the edge
114
What’s the equation for circumference?
2 x pi x radius
115
What’s a revolution?
1 full turn or a circle
116
What’s equation for area of a circle
r^2 x pi
117
What’s a trapezium?
A 4 sides shape with 1 pair of parallel lines
118
What’s the equation for area of a trapezium
(a+b)/2 x height
| A and b are the parallel lines
119
How do you work out the fraction of an amount
Divide amount by denominator and times answer by numerator
120
What’s an outlier?
Something different to the pattern/trend. An anomaly
121
What must probability do?
Add up to 1 whole
122
What do sample space diagrams allow you to do?
List our every probability using something that looks like a multiplication square
123
How do you use a probability tree diagram to work out probability?
Multiply along the branches and add together if you get multiple answers. Answer will be a fraction
124
What is relative frequency?
The same as probability
125
What is a set? (In set notation)
A collection of objects or numbers
126
What are the objects in a set called? (In set notation)
Members or elements of the set
127
Notation A = {1,2,3,4} means?
Set A with elements 1,2,3,4 and 5
128
The set notation 3 € A means? (€ should only have one horizontal line)
Means 3 is an element/member of set A
129
What does (in a vent diagram) the set notation AnB mean?
Where they both exist at the same time.
130
What does (in a vent diagram) the set notation AuB mean?
Where A or B exists
131
What does (in a vent diagram) the set notation A’ mean?
Everything outside of A
132
What does (in a vent diagram) the set notation (A) mean?
Everything that’s A
133
What does (in a vent diagram) the set notation (A’) mean?
Everything not A
134
What does (in a vent diagram) the set notation AuB’ mean
Everything that is A or outside of B
135
What does (in a vent diagram) the set notation (AuB)’ mean
Everything outside of A or B
136
What does (in a vent diagram) the set notation (B) mean
Everything that is B
137
What does (in a vent diagram) the set notation (AnB) mean
Everything that is A and B at the same time
138
What does (in a vent diagram) the set notation AnB’ mean
Everything that is A and not B
139
What does (in a vent diagram) the set notation A’nB’ mean
Everything that is not A and B
140
What does (in a vent diagram) the set notation A’nB mean?
Everything that is B and not A
141
When you’re putting set notation into a diagram, what is the rule?
Each number can only appear once in the diagram
142
What’s the difference between frequency trees and probability trees?
Probability trees show chance outcomes of different information, frequency trees just display data
143
What’s equation for volume of a prism?
Volume of a prism = cross sectional area x length
144
How do you work out surface area?
Find area of all faces, add together
145
What’s equation for density?
Density (g/cm^3 or kg/m^3) = mass / volume
146
If asked for the capacity of something, what do you work out?
It’s volume
147
What’s the equation for volume of any pyramid?
Volume = 1/3 x area of base x height
148
How do you do a percentage increase using a multiplier?
Original value x (100% + eg 35% = 135% > x 1,35) = ans
(For decrease by it’d be 100% - 35%
149
How do you work out simple interest over a given period of time?
Starting amount x percentage increase (6% every year = x 0.06) = ans
Ans x number of years = ans 2
Starting amount + ans 2 = final ans
150
What’s the equation for percentage profit?
Percentage profit = (profit / original amount) x 100
151
What’s the equation for percentage loss?
Percentage loss = (loss / original amount) x 100
152
What are the four types of transformation?
Rotation
Reflection
Enlargement
Translation
153
What are translations? If the translation is
( 3 ) [with the brackets going down over the -2 as well]
-2
What does it mean?
Translations use a vector to describe how the shape has moved.
It means three right, two down. (All the vertexes move like this)
154
How do you do reflection? How would you give an answer?
Measure from the ‘mirror’ at a right angle, even if it’s diagonal to the mirror line
Answer eg ‘reflection in the line x = -0.5’
155
What are the three requirements/things to give in rotation?
Centre of enlargement
Direction of turn is clockwise or anti-clockwise
Amount of turn/angle of rotation
156
What happens in enlargement with a positive scale factor? What are the two things you have to give in enlargement ?
The lengths get bigger, however angles stay the same size
| Scale factor and centre
157
How do you do enlargement with a negative scale factor?
Times distance between point and centre of enlargement by the negative scale factor
158
What’s the equation for acceleration?
a= (v-u)/t
159
On velocity time graphs what does area under graph tell u?
Total distance travelled
160
On a velocity time graph what does the gradient (line) tell you?
The acceleration
161
How do you work out gradient of a curved graph?
Use a tangent to work out an estimation. Tangent touch graph at time you want to estimate acceleration at.
162
How do you simplify a ratio?
Change to same unit and Find a common factor and divide both by it
163
What’s the general formula for two things in direct proportion
(Y direct proportion symbol x)
| y= k x
164
What do we write for inverse proportion
y (direct proportion sign) 1/x
So y = k/x (k is constant of proportionality)
165
‘Rearrange the formula to find E in terms of s’
| What do you do?
Make E the subject
166
What’s the mode/modal value of a set of data?
Value that occurs most often
167
What’s the median of a set of data?
The middle value when in order
| If there are 2 in the middle, add them up and divide by 2
168
How do you work out the mean of a set of data?
Add up the values and divide by how many there are
169
What does the range represent?
The spread of data
| Largest - smallest = range
170
How do you work out the interquartile range?
Upper quartile - lowest quartile
| Middle left of median - middle right of median
171
How do you work out the modal value from a table?
The one with the highest frequency
172
If there’s a score and a frequency in a table, how do you work out the range?
Highest score - lowest score
173
If there’s a score and a frequency in a table, how do you work out the mean score?
Times score and frequency together. Add all these answers up. Add up all frequencies. Mean is (total of frequency x score) / total frequency
174
What’s the equation for median position from tables?
Median position = (total frequency + 1) / 2
| its 2 because you’re finding the middle
175
How do you work out the interquartile range of a set of data?
Make sure the data is in smallest to largest order
LQ position = (how many there are +1) / 4 [invisible x 1] = position
UQ position = (how many there are + 1) /4 x 3 [3 because 3/4] = position
IQR = number at UQ position - number at LQ position = IQR
176
How do you do stem and leaf diagrams?
Leaf always 1 digit in side, steam and leaf diagrams must be in order
The first number of it goes in stem, the second number goes in its section in leaf
Stem and leaf diagrams must be in order
177
What’s an arithmetic/ linear sequence?
In an arithmetic/linear sequence the terms go up or down by the same amount (add or subtracting the same each time) This amount is known as the constant difference
178
When’s a sequence quadratic?
If it takes two differences to get a repeated difference
179
How do you write the start of the nth term rule for a quadratic sequence?
The start of the nth term rule is half of the second repeated difference
180
What’s a Fibonacci sequence?
You add previous two numbers to create the next one
181
What are Geometric sequences?
Multiply the terms by the same amount each time, this amount is known as the common ratio
182
In inequalities on a number line, if there’s a solid circle under the number, what does that mean for the value?
x can equal it
183
In inequalities on a number line, if there’s a circle with under the number, what does that mean for the value?
X can’t equal the number
184
When does multiplying or dividing both sides of an inequality by a negative work? (It usually doesn’t)
When the inequality sign is switched round when multiplying or dividing both sides by a negative
185
If you’re solving an inequality graphically, and the grid needs to satisfy the inequality which is
Below
186
If you’re solving an inequality graphically, and the grid needs to satisfy the inequality which is >, will the region be above or below a horizontal line?
Above
187
How do you simplify fractions?
Divide the numerator and denominator by the same value
188
When adding/subtracting fractions, what does the denominator do if common?
Stays the same
189
When are shapes similar?
The same but different in size. All angles are the same. The lengths are all multiplied or divided by the same amount
190
How do you get from the length scale factor to volume scale factor?
Vsf = (lsf)^3
191
How do you draw the gradient on a cumulative frequency graph?
Draw a smooth curve which goes through every point
192
What features do a box plot need to have?
A minimum mark, lower quartile, median, upper quartile and maximum mark
193
When you’re asked to compare data, what two things should you comparE?
An average together with the range or inter-quartile range (usually median with range)
194
What’s the equation for frequency density? (Variable width histograms)
Frequency density = frequency / class width
195
On a variable width histogram, what does the area of a rectangle tell you?
The frequency
196
How would you draw a frequency polygon given height and frequency?
Midpoint value of heights give x coordinates, frequency is y coordinates. Plot and join dots with straight lines between them
197
What does the quadratic formula do?
Used to work out x without factorising. Only works when quadratic = 0
198
What are the three steps to sketching quadratics?
Solve to find where it crosses the x axis
Complete square to find the turning point (vertex)
Sketch it
199
How do you write consecutive integers using algebra?
n
n+1
n+2
200
How do you write an even number using algebra?
2n
201
How do you write an odd number using algebra?
2n + 1
202
How do you write consecutive even numbers using algebra?
2n
2n+2
2n+4
2n+6
203
How do you write consecutive odd numbers using algebra?
2n+1
2n+3
2n+5
204
How do you write a multiple of 3 using algebra?
3n
205
How do you write a multiple of 8 using algebra?
8n
206
What does a box plot HAVE to have? How are they drawn?
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A minimum mark, Lower quartile, median, upper quartile and maximum mark
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