Key neural terminology (orange terms) Flashcards
(16 cards)
What is the cerebral cortex?
The outer layer of the brain responsible for complex thought processes like perception, language and consciousness
What is the brain stem?
The base of the brain controlling vital functions e.g. breathing, HR and digestion
What is a neurotransmitter?
Chemicals that transmit messages between nerve cells across synapses
What is an axon?
A long thread like part of the neuron that carries electrical signals from the cell body to other neurons or muscles
What is a synapse?
The gap between two nerve cells where they communicate by passing electrical signals
What are efferent neurons?
Motor neurons that carry signals from brain to the body e.g. move muscles
What are afferent neurons?
Sensory neurons that carry signals from the body to the brain e.g. for touch or pain
What is action potential?
An electrical signal that travels down to the neuron allowing messages to be sent to other cells
What are the meninges?
The three protective layers that cover the brain and spinal cord to protect the CNS from injury
What is an upper motor neuron?
Neurons in the brain that send signals to control voluntary movements by communicating with lower neurons
What are lower motor neurons?
Neurons that send signals from the spinal cord to the muscles making them move
What is hemiplegia?
Paralysis on one side of the body, often caused by strokes or brain injuries
What is dysarthria?
Difficulty speaking clearly due to muscle problems controlling speech
What is aphasia?
A condition that affects a persons ability to understand or produce language
What is ataxia?
A lack of muscle coordination which can affect movement, balance or speech
What is dysphagia?
Difficulty swallowing which can affect eating and drinking
