Key notes Flashcards
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1
Q
marrying a cousin(3rd degree)
A
first cousin marriage
2
Q
rational prescribing
A
appropriate Drug, Time, Dose, cost
3
Q
Drug Scoring
A
Efficacy, safety, suitability, cost
4
Q
Adenoid hypertrophy
A
Post-nasal drip:
yattığında öksürük
eforla öksürük
enfeksiyona yatkınlık
5
Q
rektumdan kan & bilious vomiting durumunda ne indike edilir?
A
Usg çek invajinasyonu rule/out.
6
Q
Bulging fontanelle sebepleri
A
- Crying
- Icp yükselmesi, hydrocephaly
- Menengitis / encephalitis, intracranial hemorrhage
- A hypervitaminosis
- Lead poisoning
7
Q
what is febrile convulsion risk age?
A
5m-5yrs
8
Q
Causes of microcephaly?
A
- Torch
- Familial
- Trisomies(13,18,21)
- Others(Fetal Alcohol Syndrome)
9
Q
Craniotabes(+) cases?
A
- Rickets
- Hydrocephaly
- Osteogenesis imperfecta
- A hypervitaminosis
10
Q
Subicteric bilirubin lv?
A
5mg/dl
11
Q
Preauricular papillom is a sign of….
A
Urinary system defect
12
Q
Gingiva hyperplasia causes?
A
Leukemia Hydentin use Storage disease Poor hygiene Histiocytosis X
13
Q
Gingiva pigmentation causes?
A
Heavy metal poisoning
14
Q
Gingival Bleeding?
A
Gingivitis
- Scurvy
- Bleeding diathesis
- Poor hygiene
15
Q
Webbed Neck is a sign on ….
A
Turner Syndrome
16
Q
Normal RR in children:
A
Newborn: 30-60 6 months: 25-40 1-3 years: 20-30 6 years: 18-25 10: 15-20
17
Q
Pectus excavatum & incavatum
A
Excavatum: Funnel Chest
Incavatum: pigeon chest
18
Q
Barrel chest causes?
A
Chronic Resp. Diseases
19
Q
Cyanosis definition?
A
> 5 g/dl reduced Hb
20
Q
Most common UTI causative organisms in children
A
E. Coli
Klebsiella
21
Q
Risky ages for UTI
A
boys<1 years, girls < 4 years
22
Q
PUV(posterior urethral valve)
A
fışkırtarak idrar yapamaz.
23
Q
Hydronephrosis detection
A
USG
24
Q
Definitive diagnosis of UTI?
A
Urine culture
25
Treatment of UTI?
Ceftriaxone, amoxicillin, cefixim.
26
Golemerular & Tubular injury Sx?
Glomerular: anuria, oligouria
Tubular: polyuria
27
Rehydration fluid dosage
20cc/kg SF
28
Prerenal AKI?
BUN ön planda
29
Physiologic jaundice?
Only seen in newborn, indirect hyperbilirubinmia
30
Delivery room PE
* cardiopulmonary adaptation
| * major congenital anomaly(coanal atresia, esophageal atresia, anal atresia)
31
Respiratory distress in newborn
Signs: tacypnea, sternal, subcostal, intercostal retraction, grunting on expiration, diminished breath sounds
CXR is urgent!!
32
NEC(Necretizing enterocolitis
Abdominal distension
33
Abdominal masses in newborn?
Renal pathology( hydronephrosis, multicystic,-dysplastic kidneys, renal vein thrombosis)
34
Categories of PAT?
1. Stable
2. Respiratory Distress
3. Respiratory failure
4. Shock
5. CNS dysfunction
6. CPF
35
Bilinci kapalı hastada ilk ... bakılır.
kan şekeri
36
Pediatric injury ' de .... dışla.
Trauma, meningoencephalitis, hypoglycemia.
37
Gastric lavage?
Contraindicated in hydrocarbon, acid & alkali toxications.
Do it in 1 hrs.
38
Activated Charcoal Effective with
```
Thiophylline
Phenobarbital
Carbamazepine
Aspirin
Sustained-release products
```
39
WBI(Whole Bowel Irrigation
>2 hrs yutmadan sonra, demir için
40
WBI (Whole Bower Irrigation) contraindications
```
Bowel obstruction
Perforation
Ileus
Hemodynamic Instability
Compromised unprotected airways
```
41
Inherited metabolic diseases
Neonatal seizure( give pyridoxine)
42
Respiratory distress causes for preterms:
1. RDS
2. Congenital Pneumonia
3. Pneumothorax, atelectasis
4. Patent ductus arteriosus
5. Pulmonary hemorrhage
6. Wet lung
7. Congenital airway/heart diseases
8. Bronchopulm. dysplasia
43
Respiratory Distress causes for term infants:
1. Congenital pneumonia(TORCH)
2. Meconium aspiration
3. Persistant pulmonary hypertension
4. Pneumothorax
5. Wet lung
6. Congenital airway, heart diseases
7. Polycytemia
44
Respiratory distress signs
Tachypnea, retractions, cyanosis, diminished resp sounds, grunting
Urgent CXR & Arterial blood gases
45
PGE2 infusion
Maintenance of ductal patency
46
Ibuprofen, paracetamol
Closing ductus arteriosus
47
Sepsis
Systemic illness+ Bacteremia
48
Early onset sepsis
* ilk 7 gün
* multisistemik hastalık w/ congenital pneumoniae
* transplacental inf. from maternal blood or genital tract
* Risk factors: preterm rupture of membranes
* Fetal colonization & infection
* E. coli, GBS, Listeria, Enterococci
49
Late onset sepsis
* >7 days
* more insidious
* from human contact and contaminated equipment
* RF: prematurity, NICU
* Coagulase negative stap., s. epidermititis, pseudomonas, klebsiella, serratia, s. aureus
50
Neonatal sepsis diagnosis
Blood+ CSF cultures
51
Neonatal sepsis tx
Penicillin+ aminoglycoside
| LOS:vancomycin+ aminoglycoside
52
APR in newborn
CRP, procalcitonin, IL-6, IL,8
53
RDS
immature lungs+ low surfactant
| CXR: ground glass
54
Tx of RDS
Noninvasive mechanical ventilation
Surfactant
antibiotics
IV fluid
55
Firt ROP exam
32 weeks
56
Periventricular leukomalacia
```
white mater injury
severe cognitive/motor impairment
occipital horns of lateral ventricles
screening: 4-6th weeks by usg
15% of ELBW
Cystic PVL > cerebral palsy
```
57
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
oxygen need is continued at pma 36th week
cxr: atelectasis, emysema
patchy appearance
frequent hospitalization dure to RSV
58
Clubbing
see after 6 months( arterial desaturation)
59
In children up to 4 years
apex at 4th ıcs
60
Anterior frontanelle auscultation
gallen vein aneurism, arteriovenous fistula
61
continuous murmurs at hearth
```
stenosis&insufficiency
arteriovenous connections
PDA
aortopulmonary connections
venous hum
```
62
BP for ages
```
premature:55-75
0-3 months: 65-85
3-6 months: 70-90
6-12 months: 80-100
1-3 years: 90-105
3-6 years:95-110
```
63
Mean arterial pressure
correlates with development >30
>25 for premature
>35 for baby
>50 for older kid
64
First CN that is affected from increased ICP
CN VI
65
Gower's manuever
for muscular dystrophy, congenital hip dysplasia
66
Physiologic jaundice
* after 24 hrs of life
- TSB lv within normal percentiles
- duration: <10days term, <3w preterm
- TSB increase: <5mg/dl/day
- direct bilirubin: <1, 1.5 mg/dl or >10% of TSB
67
Pathologic jaundice
- appears in first 24hrs
- TSB>95 percentile
- Duration >10 in term, >3w in preterm
- TSB increase > 5 mg/dl/day
- direct bilirubin >1-1.5 mg/dl
- need for therapy
68
Rh/Rh uyuşmazlığı
indirect coombs (+)
69
Hypothyroidism
prolonged jaundice
70
Galactosemia
conjugated+ unconjugated bilirubinemia
71
Kernicterus
Cerebral palsy, hearing loss
72
Neonatal screening tests
```
PKU
hypot
Biotidinase def
CF
hip dysplasia
hearing test
```
73
common features o inborn errors of metabolism
```
Ar
single gee
varying incidence among ethnic groups
consanguinity
nonspesific clinical signs
```
74
Poor feeding
akla getir (IEM)
75
Poor feeding+ failure to thrive
chronic diseases
76
initial screening for IEM
cbc, arterial gasses, blood glucose, ammonia, arterial blood lactate, liver function tests, urine ketones, urine reducing substances, urine pH, serum uric acid, LP, CXR, ECG
77
İdrar yapamayan hastaya .. verme
K
78
kilo başına 3mEq Na hacim
doğrudur
79
Glucose / Na ratio shouldnt exceed...
2
80
Infant: 5,10,15
Adolescent 3,6,9%
81
Hypernatremic dehydration 'da Na düşürme sınırı
MAks 10-12 mEq/L per day
| 0.4, 0.5 mEq/ L per hour.
82
Hypernatremic dehydrationda dikkat et
over 48 hrs.
83
Hyponatremic state tedavisinde dikkat et
Central pontine myelinosis
84
Systolic bp 1-10 yaş
<70+2xage
85
stages of shock
circulatory failure
global hypoxia
cell daamge
death
86
Shock'ta neyi monitor edersin
Mixed venous oxygen saturation
87
Neonate Septic Shock Tx
ampicillin+ aminoglyceride/cefotaxime
88
child septic shock
cefotaxime/ceftriaxone + vancomycin
89
TGA corralates with
Diabetic mother
90
IUG stages
stage 1: 4-20 hafta, hyperplasia
stage2:20-28 hafta hp+ ht
stage 3:28-40 hafta, ht
91
babies born to diabetic mothers
hypoglycemia
hypocalcemia
rds
macrosomnia
92
after 8 days of intrauterine twins
monochronic, monoamniotic
93
Anterior wall defects
omphalocele: herniation of abd. viscera into base of umbilicus, 1/4000, surrounded by umbilical cord
Gastroschisis: intestines come out of efective area into amniotic cavity, 1/2000, more common in young mothers, preterms
