Key People

Question 1

First European to round the Cape of Good Hope (at the southern tip of Africa)

Answer 1

Bartolomeu Dias

Question 2

First European to sail around Africa, all the way to India

Answer 2

Vasco da Gama

Question 3

An explorer who sailed to the New World; two continents are named after him.

Answer 3

Amerigo Vespucci

Question 4

First to circumnavigate the globe (actually, his crew did, since he died before reaching home)

Answer 4

Ferdinand Magellan

Question 5

First Englishman to circumnavigate the globe; he also helped defeat the Spanish Armada in 1588

Answer 5

Francis Drake

Question 6

Attacked the Aztecs in modern-day Mexico

Answer 6

Hernando Cortes

Question 7

• Leader of the Reformation in Germany
• His view of Scripture was dramatically changed after studying Romans 1:16-17
• He unintentionally started the Peasant Revolt
• He translated the Bible into German

Answer 7

Martin Luther

Question 8

• Defender of Roman Catholicism
• Founder of the Jesuits
• Wrote, “I will believe that the white that I see is black if the hierarchical Church so defines it.”

Answer 8

Ignatius Loyola

Question 9

King who established the Anglican Church

Answer 9

Henry VIII

Question 10

Scottish leader of the Reformation

Answer 10

John Knox

Question 11

Founded the Amish

Answer 11

Jacob Amman

Question 12

• Author of “Institutes of the Christian Religion”
• Leader of the Reformation in Geneva, Switzerland
• Well-known for his views on predestination

Answer 12

John Calvin

Question 13

• Leader of the Reformation in Zurich, Switzerland

- Supported the Sausage Incident

Answer 13

Ulrich Zwingli

Question 14

Queen who helped establish the Anglican Church as a medium between Roman Catholicism and Puritanism

Answer 14

Elizabeth I

Question 15

A violent Anabaptist who took over the city of Munster, declaring that the end of the world was at hand; he was eventually killed and his body was put in a cage which was hung on a church

Answer 15

John of Leiden

Question 16

• One of the most influential Anabaptist leaders
• Committed to pacifism
• Established the Mennonites

Answer 16

Menno Simons

Question 17

First to claim that the earth revolves around the sun

Answer 17

Nicolaus Copernicus

Question 18

Wrote an important book on human anatomy

Answer 18

Andreas Vesalius

Question 19

Persecuted by the Roman Catholic Church for his views on heliocentrism

Answer 19

Galileo Galilei

Question 20

Explained that the planets orbit the sun through the force of gravity

Answer 20

Isaac Newton

Question 21

Discovered that the planets move in elliptical orbits

Answer 21

Johannes Kepler

Question 22

• English king nearly killed by the Gunpowder plot

- The Pilgrims who came to America in 1620 fled his persecution (he did not like Puritans)

Answer 22

James I

Question 23

Overthrown and beheaded during the English Civil War because he was an Absolutist

Answer 23

Charles I

Question 24

English King during the Restoration

Answer 24

Charles II

Question 25

Overthrown during the Glorious ("Bloodless") Revolution because he was a Roman Catholic Absolutist

Answer 25

James II

Question 26

- Daughter of James II who became queen of England after he was overthrown - Her husband, who became king of England at the same time and who was originally a prince from the Netherlands

Answer 26

William and Mary

Question 27

- "Lord Protector" who ruled England after Charles I was beheaded - A strict Puritan who fought on the side of the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War

Answer 27

Oliver Cromwell

Question 28

King of Spain who went to war against England and the Netherlands in an attempt to control them politically and convert them to Roman Catholicism

Answer 28

Philip II

Question 29

French King who opposed the Huguenots; advised by Cardinal Richelieu

Answer 29

Louis XIII

Question 30

French King known as the "Sun King"; he ruled France 72 years and built Versailles; he revoked the Edict of Nantes, thereby taking away the religious freedom fo the Huguenots

Answer 30

Louis XIV

Question 31

An English political philosopher who promoted Absolutism in his book "Leviathan"

Answer 31

Thomas Hobbes

Question 32

An English political philosopher who promoted Constitutionalism and supported the power of the people to revolt against unjust rulers; he had enormous influence on the Founding Fathers of the United States

Answer 32

John Locke

Question 33

A French political philosopher who promoted Absolutism, especially the Divine Right of Kings

Answer 33

Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet