Key Phrases

Question 1

Isolated mid systolic click

Answer 1

MVP

Question 2

Machinery murmur

Answer 2

PDA

Question 3

Opening snap

Answer 3

Mitral stenosis

Question 4

Large bounding carotid pulse

Answer 4

Aortic regurgitation

Question 5

Asymptomatic
systolic murmur in pulmonic area
Wide split S2

Answer 5

ASD

Noncyanotic congenital defect

Question 6

Harsh pansystolic murmur
@ LSB
With thrill

Answer 6

VSD

Most close spontaneously b4 6yo. Indications for surg = CHF or pulm htn

Question 7

Pulses paradoxes

Answer 7

Think cardiac tamponade

Def: dec in BP >10mmhg during inspiration

Question 8

Becks triad

Answer 8

Think cardiac tamponade

1. JVD
2. Muffled heart tones
3. Hypotension

Question 9

Aortic stenosis symptoms

Answer 9

1. Angina pectoris
2. Dyspnea
3. Exertional syncope

Question 10

Aortic insufficiency

Answer 10

HTN and widened pulse pressure

Question 11

Pulsus alternans

Answer 11

Think Left ventricular failure

Alternating strong and weak beats

Question 12

First heart sound (S1)

Answer 12

Closing of mitral and tricuspid valves

Question 13

Tetralogy of fallot

Answer 13

1. Overriding aorta
2. VSD
3. RVH
4. Pulmonary stenosis

Question 14

Harsh systolic murmur
Along LSB
radiation to neck
In infant

Answer 14

Infant aortic stenosis

Question 15

Absent femoral pulses

Rib notching on CXR

Answer 15

Coarctation of aorta

Question 16

Pyloric stenosis

• avg age of onset?
• PE finding?
• Sign on barium enema?

Answer 16

4-6 weeks old
Olive mass
String sign

Question 17

Hirschsprung disease

Answer 17

Megacolon

Question 18

EKG for HYPERkalemia

Answer 18

Peaked T waves

Question 19

EKG for HYPOkalemia

Answer 19

Prominent U waves

Question 20

EKG for Myocardial ischemia

Answer 20

T wave inversion

ST depression

Question 21

Early sign of dig tox

Answer 21

Early PVCs

Question 22

Treatment of asystole

Answer 22

Transcutaneous paving
Epinephrine
Atropine

Question 23

Torsades

Answer 23

Prolonged QT interval
Hypomagnesemia
HYPOkalemia
Overdrive pacing

Question 24

Causes of PEA

Answer 24

Hypovolemia
Tamponade
Tension PTX
PE

Question 25

Treatment of PSVT

Answer 25

Adenosine (blocks AV node)

Question 26

Main cause of peripheral arterial emboli disease

Answer 26

A-fib

Question 27

Definition of ortho static hypotension

Answer 27

Dec in systolic of 20, diastolic of 10, or pulse of 20

Question 28

Treatment of hyperkalemia

Answer 28

Kaexylate Insulin with glucose Bicarbonate

Question 29

#1 cause of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 29

Hyperventilation

Question 30

Causes of ST Elevation

Answer 30

``` Pericarditis Myocarditis Acute aortic dissection Cholecystitis PE MI ```

Question 31

6 life threatening causes of chest pain

Answer 31

Acute MI Cardiac tamponade Aortic dissection PE PTX Esophageal rupture

Question 32

Classification of unstable angina

Answer 32

1. New onset 2. More frequent, longer episodes, no relief with mess 3. So produced by less exertion