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GI anatomy > Key Points > Flashcards

Key Points Flashcards

1
Q

Which of vertical line(s) is / are used to demarcate the nine regions of the abdomen?

A

Midclavicular lines

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2
Q

What vertebral level does the intertubercular line pass through?

A

L5

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3
Q

Which of the following muscles lies most superficial in the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

External oblique

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4
Q

The superior epigastric artery is a continuation of which of the following arteries?

A

Internal thoracic artery

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5
Q

What does the internal thoracic artery give rise to

A

Musculophrenic and superior Epigastric arteries

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6
Q

What is the internal thoracic artery a branch of

A

Subclavian artery

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7
Q

What is the inferior Epigastric artery a branch of

A

External iliac artery

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8
Q

Which of the following nerves innervate the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Iliohypogastric nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve
Thoraco-abdominal nerves T7 - 11
Subcostal nerve

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9
Q

The transversalis fascia contributes to which border(s) of the inguinal canal?

A

The transversalis fascia is the deepest layer of the anterior abdominal wall - only the parietal peritoneum lies deep to it. It therefore contributes to the posterior border and the roof of the inguinal canal.

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10
Q

What is the anterior border of the inguinal canal formed from

A

largely by the external oblique aponeurosis, with a contribution laterally from the internal oblique aponeurosis.

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11
Q

What is the floor of the inguinal canal formed from

A

inguinal ligament - the lower border of the external oblique aponeurosis.

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12
Q

The medial umbilical folds represent the remnant(s) of which embryological structure(s)?

A

umbilical arteries

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13
Q

The median umbilical folds represents the remnants if which structure

A

urachus, which connects the bladder to the umbilicus in the fetus

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14
Q

The liver is connected to the anterior abdominal wall by which peritoneal structure?

A

Falciform ligament

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15
Q

Which of the following parts of the large intestine are retroperitoneal?

A

Ascending colon
Descending colon
Rectum

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16
Q

At what vertebral level does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm?

A

T10

17
Q

Which of the following arteries arises from the gastroduodenal artery?

A

Right gastro-omental

18
Q

A Meckel’s diverticulum is an outpouching of gut found in which region of the intestine?

A

Distal ileum
. It results if the embryonic vitelline duct (a connection between the midgut loop and the yolk sac) does not regress / degenerate. It is usually asymptomatic, but it can become inflamed, mimicking an appecndicitis

19
Q

The ascending colon is predominently supplied by which artery?

A

Right colic

20
Q

features of the large intestine

A

Epiploic appendages, haustrations and taeniae coli

21
Q

Where are rugae located

A

Stomach

22
Q

Where are plicae circulares located

A

Small intestine

23
Q

Which vein enters the splenic vein?

A

Inferior mesenteric vein

24
Q

The right and left common iliac veins unite to form …

A

Inferior vena cava

25
Q

Pelvic splanchnic nerves contain which type of fibre and arise fom which region of the spinal cord?

A

Parasympathetic, from S2 - S4

26
Q

Which three structures lie in the free edge of the lesser omentum?

A

common bile duct, hepatic artery proper and the hepatic portal vein

27
Q

The liver is attached to the diaphragm by which perioneal ligaments / structures?

A

Coronary and triangular ligaments

28
Q

The surface marking of the fundus of the gallbladder is at the tip of which costal cartilage?

A

9th

29
Q

If gallbladder pathology irritates the diaphragm, pain is typically referred to which region?

A

Right shoulder

30
Q

Which artieries contribute to the blood supply of the pancreas?

A

Gastroduodenal
Splenic
Superior mesenteric

31
Q

An ulcer in the posterior wall of the first part of the duodenum may erode through which artery, causing significant intra-abdominal bleeding?

A

Gastroduodenal

32
Q

The spleen is protected by which ribs?

A

9-11

33
Q

Jaundice is most likely to result when malignancy is located in which part of the pancreas?

A

Head

34
Q

At what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the common iliac arteries

A

L4

GI anatomy (5 decks)

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