Key Regions (5)

Answer 1

1. Western Australia
   
   1. Greater Perth zone
      
      1. Swan valley region
   2. South West Australia Zone
      
      1. Margaret River region
      2. Great Southern Region
      3. Pemberton
2. South Australia
   
   1. Lower Murray zone (25% of production)
      
      1. Riverland
   2. Barossa zone
      
      1. Barossa valley region
      2. Eden valley region
   3. Fleurieu Peninsula zone
      
      1. McClaren Vale region
      2. Langhorne creek region
   4. Mount Lofty Ranges zone
      
      1. Clare Valley region
      2. Adelaide Hills region
   5. Limestone coast zone
      
      1. Coonawarra
      2. Padthaway region
3. Victoria
   
   1. North-west Victoria Zone
      
      1. Murray Darling Region
   2. Western Victoria
      
      1. Grampians region
      2. Pyranees region
   3. Central Victoria zone
      
      1. Bendigo region
      2. Heathcote region
      3. Goulburn valley region
   4. North-east Victoria zone
      
      1. Rutherglen
      2. King Valley
   5. Port Phillip zone
      
      1. Yarra valley
      2. Mornington Peninsula
      3. Geelong
4. Tasmania
5. New South Wales
   
   1. Big Rivers zone
      
      1. Murray Darling region
      2. Riverina region
   2. Hunter Valley Region
      
      1. Lower Hunter Valley
      2. Upper Hunter Valley
   3. Central Ranges zone
      
      1. Mudgee region
      2. Orange Region
      3. Cowra region
   4. Southern New South Wales zone
      
      1. Hilltops region
      2. Canberra district

Question 2

Western Australia:

1. State Size? What % of total Production vs % of awards
2. Where are most of the vineyards?

Key Zones:

1.

a) ? Valley Region

1. Climate?
2. History?
3. Dominated by ?

Answer 2

Western Australia

1. Largest state in size, 3% of total production but 30% of awards; high quality wine area w h prices
2. Most of the vineyards concentrated in the south-western corner around Perth. Key zones: west to east

Key zones:

Greater Perth Zone
North & south of Perth along the coast on the west and the Darling range 50km inland

Swan valley region - Swan River

1. Very hot climate w dry summer; one of the hottest climate in Australia
2. Historic region: where first Western Australian vines were planted in 19th by T. Waters & S. Roe
3. Dominated by Houghton (part of Hardy’s) but has significantly lost importance since 80s

Question 3

South West Australia Zone:

M River

1. Where?
2. Similar to where? Climate? Rain? Winters? Cooling Influence?
3. Soil?
4. Viti Hazards?
5. Quality?
6. Key Producers?

Answer 3

South West Australia zone
Directly south of Great Perth zone; covers the south-western coastal tip of country

Margaret River region – 5,500ha

1. Part of the South-west zone which covers the south-western tip of country; 200km south of Perth
2. Maritime climate with dry, warm summers (only 200mm in growing season) and wet winters (1160mm). Cool air brought by Atlantic to temper conditions. // dry vintage in Bordeaux.
3. Small creeks and gentle valleys w gravelly or gritty sandy loam soils
4. Viticultural hazards: strong winds in Spring (flowering disruption) and salt in water (-> irrigation essential)
5. Top quality Bordeaux blends and Cabernet; elegant Chardonnay & herbaceous Sémillon
6. Key producers: Foster’s Devil’s Lair (1.8m btls), LVMH’s Cape Mentelle (1.4m btls) & Vasse Felix (1m btls)

Great Southern region

1. 150km east of Margaret river;
2. Cool climate; more continental inland
3. Widely spread and young vineyard area (-> experimentation)
4. Full bodied Cabernet Sauvignon, peppery Rhone-like Shiraz and pure fruit Riesling
5. Key sub regions: Frankland river and Mount Baker

Pemberton region

1. Directly east of the Great Southern region, along the coast & inland. Very large area in size.
2. Cool climate, relatively high rainfall and varied soils
3. Good Pinot Noir & Chardonnay; fine Verdelho on warmer sites.

Question 4

Great Southern Region

1. Where?
2. Climate?
3. Vineyard Age?
4. Style of Wine produced 1 x Red 1 x White?
5. 2 x key sub-regions?

Pemberton Region

1. Where? Size?
2. Climate?
3. Good examples of ? and ? and fine ? on warmer sites

Answer 4

Great Southern region

1. 150km east of Margaret river;
2. Cool climate; more continental inland
3. Widely spread and young vineyard area (-> experimentation)
4. Full bodied Cabernet Sauvignon, peppery Rhone-like Shiraz and pure fruit Riesling
5. Key sub regions: Frankland river and Mount Baker

Pemberton region

1. Directly east of the Great Southern region, along the coast & inland. Very large area in size.
2. Cool climate, relatively high rainfall and varied soils
3. Good Pinot Noir & Chardonnay; fine Verdelho on warmer sites.

Question 5

South Australia

Phylloxera?

List the 5 Zones

1. Lower M Z ?% of Production a) Region?
2. B Zone a) Region? (Valley) b) Region? (Valley)
3. F P Zone a) Region (Vale) b) Region? (Creek)
4. M L R Zone a) Valley? b) Region?
5. L C Zone a) Region? b) Region?

Answer 5

South Australia

• Phylloxera-free area thanks to strict quarantine on vineyard material and machinery from out of state

1. Lower Murray Zone - 25% of production
   
   1. Riverland region 22,000ha
2. Barossa zone
   
   1. Barossa valley region
   2. Eden Valley region
3. Fleurieu Peninsula zone
   
   1. Mc Laren Vale region
   2. Langhorne creek region
4. Mount Lofty Ranges zone
   
   1. Clare Valley
   2. Adelaide Hills region
5. Limestone Coast zone
   
   1. Coonawarra
   2. Padthaway region

Question 6

Lower Murray Zone ?% of Production?

Riverland Region. how many ha?

1. Where? near which River? ? wine-producing region in AUS
2. Climate? Viti only possible because ?
3. Bulk Wine from modern Viti from Ch and Red
4. Home to C? Wines, many grapes sourced here.

Answer 6

Lower Murray zone – 25% of production

Riverland region -22,000ha

1. Area 150km north-east of Adelaide; along the Murray river; largest wine producing region in Australia
2. Hot continental climate w low rainfall and little risk disease. Viticulture only possible thanks to irrigation from river Murray.
3. Extensive and modern viticulture for fruity bulk wine made from Chardonnay and most red grapes
4. Home to Constellation wines; most big producers source grapes from here

Question 7

Barossa

Original heartland due to arrival of ? and ? Immigrants

19th C Biggest ?

Seppelt = ?% of AUS Crush?

Barossa Valley Region

1. Where?
2. Climate?
3. Soil?
4. Most planted Grape? Old Vine?
5. Acid? Maceration? Rev Os (why?) + American Oak
6. Style: FB, ? ? Dev ?
7. Large Wineries include: P, Y, PL Wolf

Eden Valley Region

1. Where? (vs Barossa)
2. Best known for ? Style? Quality?
3. Small Wineries H founded in 1868

Answer 7

Original heartland of South Australia’s wine industry with arrival or English & German immigrants in early

19th. Barossa was home to the then biggest South Australian: Seppelt – 50% of the South Australia’s crush

Barossa valley region

1. 50km north-east of Adelaide; one of the oldest wine region in Australia
2. Hot continental climate w long dry summers (-> irrigation often used)
3. Limestone and ironstone soils
4. Shiraz most planted grape including some very old bush vines. Grenache, Cab Sauv & Mataro too.
5. Acidification, short maceration, reverse osmosis (to reduce alcohol) & American oak ageing common.
6. Classic Barossa Shiraz is full bodied, soft & spicy w leather aromas developing w age.
7. Dominated by large wineries e.g. Penfold’s, Yalumba, Peter Lehman (7.8m btls), Wolf Blass winery

Eden valley region

1. Hills directly east of Barossa
2. Best known for high quality, medium bodied, dry-off dr, hi acidity Rieslings w lime & lemon flavours that develop into honey, petrol & toast w age.
3. Predominance of small wineries e.g. Henschke (founded in 1868; 1⁄2m btls)

Question 8

Fleurieu Peninsula Zone

Size? Facing which Island?

McLaren Vale Region

1. Size? Where? Planted by TH in 1838
2. Climate? Breeze?
3. Vineyard location? Soil?
4. Key grapes: Sh CS CH OldV G
5. Style; FB Soft & J family run + B wineries D’A WW

Answer 8

Fleurieu Peninsula zone
Relatively small zone covering the peninsula south of Adelaide & facing Kangaroo island.

Mc Laren Vale region

1. Small region on the coast, 30km south of Adelaide; vines first planted in 1838 by Thomas Hardy.
2. Mediterranean climate with dry warm summer w some cooling ocean breezes.
3. Vineyards at the foothills of the Mount Lofty range, about 100-300m hi. Sandy, clay & terra rossa soils
4. Key grapes are Shiraz (50% of plantings), Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, old-vine Grenache
5. Full bodied, soft & juicy reds from family-run & boutique wineries e.g. D’Arenberg (3.2m btls), Wirra Wirra.

Question 9

Clare Valley

1. Size? Location? Old?
2. Climate? Summer? Hi D? Height of Vineyards?
3. Rainfall in ? Various soil?
4. Key Grape?
5. How many wineries approx ?
6. 1983 Ash Wednesday Fire? Cycling

Adelaide Hills Region

1. location? Surrounded by ? Climate?
2. Specialist Wine?
3. Sparking Wine? also CS, SH, S
4. Name Producers: The L, La P

Answer 9

Large area directly north of Adelaide

Clare Valley region

1. Small region 150km north of Adelaide; one of the oldest wine region
2. Moderate continental climate w dry summer (-> irrigation) & hi diurnal range (vineyards up 400-500m)
3. Most of the 630mm rainfall in the winter. Various types of soils
4. Riesling is the key grape w austere whites
5. 40 wineries including Tim Adams, Jim Barry, Grosset. Represents 2% grape crush, 7% of awards
6. 1983 Ash Wednesday: 5,000ha of vines destroyed by bush fire. Rail tracks now Riesling cycling trail

Adelaide hills region

1. Located east of Adelaide, along the Mount Lofty range surrounded by Mc Laren Vale, Barossa, Eden valley. Cool climate region despite warm growing season
2. Specialises in elegant Chardonnay with hi acidity and nectarine & lemon flavours. Sauv Blc too.
3. Also produces base for sparkling wine production, Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz & Sémillon
4. Producers include Shaw & Smith, Petaluma

Question 10

Limestone Coast Zone

400km S/E of ? nr V

Climate? Influence

Coonawarra

1. Distance from Adelaide? South of ?
2. Climate? Similar to ?
3. Viti Hazards?
4. 1st region to have its own Terroir what’s is called?
5. Produces Top Quality ? with flavours?
6. Which whites? suit the soil here? (3)
7. Which Big Company is here? 3.6M bottles

Padthaway Region

1. Where in relation to Coonawara? Climate?
2. Grape Varietis (1 x White 1 x Red) with richer F Flavour

Answer 10

Limestone coast zone

Zone south of the Lower Murray zone; 400km south-east of Adelaide; bordering w Victoria

Moderately cool climate influenced by ocean currents.

Coonawarra

1. 380km from Adelaide; south of Padthaway; 30km2 large; 60km inland.
2. Maritime-influenced climate not dissimilar to Bordeaux although drier growing season.
3. Key viticultural hazards: possible under-ripeness problems along w spring frost, rain
4. First region in Australia to have its own terroir i.e. red terra rossa over limestone
5. Top quality Cabernet Sauvignon w plum & blackcurrant fruit aromas.
6. Chardonnay, Riesling and Sauvignon blanc suit the limestone soils well.
7. Big companies e.g. Foster’s Wynns (900ha/3.6m btls) & smaller wineries e.g. Balnaves of Coonawarra

Padthaway region

1. Thin strip of land north of Coonawarra w warmer climate
2. Chardonnay & Shiraz dominate w richer fruit flavours.

Question 11

Victoria

1. ? most important wine state? ??? producers, Viti key to local, Boutique
2. First vines planted in 18?? Phylloxer in ? in 18??
3. Split in 2 by ? ? ? North = weather? South = weather?
4. Grape Variety 1 x red 1 x white

North-West Victoria Zone = ??% of Production

1. MD Region

Western Victoria

1. G? Region
2. P? Region

Central Victoria Zone

1. B? Region
2. H? Region
3. G V Region

North-East Victoria Zone

1. R Region
2. K Valley

Port Philip Zone

1. Y Valley
2. M Pen
3. G

Answer 11

Victoria

1. 3rd most important wine state; 600+ producers, mainly small boutique wineries; viticulture key to local industry
2. First vines planted in 1850s but expansion crushed by Phylloxera (Geelong in 1875)
3. Split in two by the Great Dividing range: north of it warm & dry; south (coast) wet and cool
4. Shiraz & Chardonnay dominate overall but signature wines across the 21 designated regions:

North-west Victoria Zone - 177,000ha / 33% Production

1. Murray Darling region

Western Victoria

1. Grampians region
2. Pyranees region

Central Victoria zone

1. Bendigo region
2. Heathcote region
3. Goulburn valley region

North-east Victoria zone

1. Rutherglen region
2. King valley

Port Philip zone

1. Yarra valley
2. Mornington Peninsula
3. Geelong

Question 12

North-West Victoria Zone

?? % of Production

Eastern continuation of ? ? Zone

Murray Darling Region

Size ? Healthy fruit with Irr = ? Wine Production

Western Victoria

Size? ? of N/W Victoria, ? of Melbourne

Grampians Region

1. Where located? Soil?
2. Recognised for excellent ?? incl ? (grape)
3. Key Producer?

Pyrenees Region

1. ? of Grampians? ? of Melbourne, terrain ?
2. Style of wine? 2 x Red, 1 x White

Answer 12

North-west Victoria zone – 177,000ha /33% of production
Eastern continuation of Lower Murray zone along the Murray river.

Murray Darling region

Large irrigated estates dominate this flatland. Large quantities of healthy fruit for bulk wine production.

Western Victoria

Large area south of North-west Victoria; west of Melbourne

Grampians region

1. Located at the end of the Great Dividing range; limestone-rich soils
2. Recognised for excellent sparkling wines (incl. Shiraz) along with powerful, tannic still Shiraz
3. Key producers include Mount Langhi (1.2m btls; Billi Billi Shiraz)

Pyrenees region

1. East of the Grampians; 120km northwest from Melbourne; rolling hills
2. Full bodied reds (Shiraz & Cabernet) and fine Chardonnays. Dalwhinnie, small top producer

Question 13

Central Victoria Zone

? of N/W and W Victoria, produces ?

Bendigo Region

1. ??? km N of M, historically part of H
2. What colour wine dominates?

Heathcote Region

1. Climate, ??? old C? soil
2. Produces ? colour, hi ?, ripe + v ? red wine?

Goulburn Valley Region

1. Where? Divided by ? River
2. Oldest ?
3. Grapes from ? (FR) + CS, CH + R
4. Style of Sh + CS = Rustic + Ch, d, Red B + B Earth
5. Key Producer: T (Sh + Marsanne) and M Wines

Answer 13

Central Victoria zone
- Directly east of the North-West & Western Victoria; produces strong reds

Bendigo region

1. 100km north of Melborne; historically part of Heathcote
2. Red wine country with extravagant Shiraz and Cabernet wines.

Heathcote region

1. Temperate climate; 500 million years old Cambrian soils
2. Produces some deep coloured, hi alcohol, ripe but velvety Shiraz

Goulburn valley region

1. Directly east/north-east of Bendigo; divided by Goulburn river
2. Oldest continuously producing Victorian wine region
3. Main grapes from Rhone along with Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay and Riesling
4. Shiraz and Cabernet have rustic, chocolate, dusty, red berries and baked earth aromas.
5. Key producers: Tahbilk (founded in 1860, renowned for Marsanne & old Shiraz vines); Mitchelton wines

Answer 14

Rutherglen region

1. Small area north of the Victoria state bordering with the Big Rivers zone
2. Continental climate w warm summers and moderate evenings; low rainfall & spring frost.
3. Famous for liqueur muscats, tokays and some red production

King valley

1. South of Rutherglen; mountainous terrain w high altitude
2. Cool climate sites w various experimental grape varieties e.g. Sangiovese, Graciano, Mondeuse
3. Lower warmer altitude sites w Chardonnay & Shiraz

Question 15

Port Philip

Zone encircles ? and PP Bay on the C?

Yarra Valley

1. ?? km N/E of M, first vineyards in 18??
2. Climate vs Bdx vs Burg?
3. Varied Soil of S CL to Red V Soil?
4. Main grapes ? + ? plus CS (warmer)
5. Who recently invested in area ?
6. Style = Ch = ? ?
7. Style = PN = ? ? ?

Mornington peninsula

1. ? of Mel, facing G, first plantins in 18??
2. Climate? Soil?
3. Main Grapes: 1 x red, 1 x white plus V + PG

Geelong

1. ? of M, facing ? ?
2. Sh + PN & Ch from B Peninsula, R + V
3. Home to B gamey & Complex PN

Answer 15

Zone encircles Melbourne and Port Philip bay; south of the zone on the coast.

Yarra valley

1. 30km north-east of Melbourne; first vineyards in 1830s
2. Climate cooler than Bordeaux but warmer than Burgundy; cool & wet; drier in the north
3. Most vineyards 50-470m w soils varying from sandy or clay loam to red volcanic soils
4. Primary known for Chardonnay and Pinot Noir; Cabernet Sauvignon in warmer sites.
5. Sparkling wine industry recently invested in the area e.g. Domaine Chandon Australia.
6. Chardonnays are elegant w crisp acidity, citrus flavours flavours;
7. Pinot Noir full bodied & fruity (but not jammy) w cherry and earthy flavours.

Mornington Peninsula – 920ha

1. South of Melbourne; facing Geelong; first plantings in 1886
2. Cool maritime climate w 350mm rainfall during growing season; various soil structures; 25-250m high
3. Pinot Noir, Chardonnay but also Viognier and Pinot Gris made from boutique wineries e.g. Kooyong

Geelong

1. South-west of Melbourne; facing Mornington Peninsula; barren w windy climate
2. Shiraz from warm inland Anakie are and Pinot Noir & Chardonnay from Bellarine Peninsula. Riesling & Viognier grown here too. Home to Bannockburn gamey & complex Pinot Noirs.

Question 16

Tasmani

1. ? Climate + global w
2. Most vineyards located ? in the ? and ? in the ?
3. Fight to allow ?
4. 90% of Production = ? ? ? ? grapes
5. Wine style?
6. key Producers?

Answer 16

Tasmania

1. Cool climate state enjoying positive effects from global warming.
2. Majority of vineyards are located around Launceston in the north and Hobart in the south.
3. Winemakers are fighting to get an exception on the ban on chaptalisation
4. Chardonnay, Pinot Noir, Riesling and Sauvignon blanc represent nearly 90% of production
5. Wines usually have high acidity, good balance of flavours and ageing potential. Alsace varieties too.
6. Key producers: Pipers Brook (founded in 74 by Andrew Pirie, 1.2m btls/yr) or Josef Chromy

Question 17

NSW - ? largest and first ? Region vines in 17??

Big Rivers Zone

1. MD Region
2. R Region

Hunter Valley Region

1. ? HV
2. ? HV

Central Ranges Zone

1. M Region
2. O Region
3. C Region

Southern NSW Zone

1. H Region
2. C District

Answer 17

NSW - 2nd Largest wine state + first winemaking region in Australia w vines planted in 1788

Big Rivers Zone

1. Murray Darling region
2. Riverina Region

Hunter Valley region

1. Lower Hunter Valley
2. Upper Hunter Valley

Central Ranges zone

1. Mudgee region
2. Orange region
3. Cowra region

Southern New South Wales zone

1. Hilltop region
2. Canberra District

Question 18

Big Rivers Zone

1. Water for ? from ? and ? River
2. mainly ?? type of wine

Muray Darling Region

Riverina Region ?? ha

1. Weather?
2. Mainly ? type of wines from ? and ? grapes + some Q ?
3. key Producers DB R Estate

Answer 18

Big Rivers zone

1. Water for irrigation from Murrumbidgee & Murray rivers.
2. Mainly inexpensive varietal table wine.

Murray Darling region

Riverina region - 23,000ha

1. Hot & dry region; direct continuation eastwards of Murray Darling region
2. Mainly table wines made from Shiraz/Chardonnay but also some quality Botrytised Sémillon
3. Key producers include Casella wines, De Bortoli, Riverina estate and Mc Williams wines (country’s #8 biggest producer) are trying to move quality up to reach more premium price brackets

Question 19

Hunter Valley Region ?? HA

1. Region ? of Sydney, inland from N
2. First planing in 18?? by ??, International acclaim in 18?? Also recognised 1960s for ? and 1990s for ?
3. One of the ? and highest ? (climate) but helped by ?? plus ? during growing/harvest

Lower Hunter Valley

1. Along ? River Soils V B
2. Style; Sh = ? = ? Sem =
3. Key Producers = T and B

Upper Hunter Valley

1. ? (weather) vs Lower more ?
2. Ch - style =? and soft ? + CS

Answer 19

Hunter valley region – 4,200ha

1. Region north of Sydney and inland from coastal town of Newcastle; either side of the Hunter river
2. First major plantings in 1825 by James Busby; Hunter Valley wines got international acclaim w several awards in the 1855 Paris Exhibition. At the start of the 1960s Sémillon and the 1990s Chardonnay boom.
3. One of the hottest but also highest humidity region w for afternoon cloud covers and substantial rainfall during the growing season and at harvest (-> grey rot)

Lower Hunter Valley

1. Along the Hunter river, around Pokolbin; Soils predominantly volcanic basalt.
2. Soft, earthy Shiraz & Sémillon w low alcohol, hi acidity and flavours of honey and toastKey producers include Tyrell’s and Brokenwood wines

Upper Hunter Valley

1. Drier irrigated region further inland. Produces butter-rich Chardonnay & soft Sémillon + Cab Sauv.

Question 20

Central Ranges Zone

Where ?

3 Regions:

Mudgee Region

1. Abo term for ? winemaking since 18??
2. Ch with ? notes and CS with ? notes + Sh

Orange Region

1. In foothills of Mount ?, vineyards are ? and ?
2. Elegant ? and ? (

Cowra Region

Weather ?, ? of Sydney that produces ?-flavoured Ch

Answer 20

On the slopes of the Western ranges inland 100km from Sydney; north to south the 3 regions are:

Mudgee region

1. Aboriginal term for ‘nest in hill’; continuous winemaking since 1858
2. Peach-Melon Chardonnays & full bodied chocolatey Cabernet Sauvignon along with Shiraz

Orange region

1. In the foothills of Mount Canobolas; high and cool vineyards
2. Elegant Chardonnays & Cabernet Sauvignon

Cowra region
Warm and dry region west of Sydney that produces rich peach-flavoured Chardonnays

Question 21

Hilltops Region

Ch + S planted at ? Alt

Canberra District

1. ???km S/W from Sydney ? Altitude
2. Which winery invested there in 19??
3. R style: ? Sh style: ? P Noir style?

Answer 21

Hilltops region

1. New plantings at very high altitude of various reds, Chardonnay & Sémillon.

Canberra district

1. Around 200km south-west inland from Sydney; around Canberra town. High altitude vineyards.
2. Up and coming region following Hardy’s investment in a 2,000ton winery in the area in 1997
3. Delicate, floral Rieslings and elegant peppery Shiraz as well as opulent Pinot noir.