KEY TERMS

Question 1

Sport and exercise psychology:

Answer 1

How psychological factors affect performance and how participation in sport and exercise affect psychological and physical factors. You must receive your doctorate.

Question 2

Clinical sport psychology:

Answer 2

combining mental training strategies from sports psychology with psychotherapy
- help clients who suffer from mental health problems including eating disorders and depression.

Question 3

Educational sport psychology:

Answer 3

Emphasize the use of psychological skills training (e.g., goal setting, imagery, energy management, self-talk)

Question 4

PERFORMANCE CONSULTANT:

Answer 4

process in which a client and consultant partner to accomplish the strategic outcome of optimizing workplace performance in support of business goals.

Question 5

BEHAVIORAL ORIENTATION:

Answer 5

EMPHASIZES THE ATHLETES OR EXERCISER’S COGNITION OR THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIORS, BELIEVING THOUGHT TO BE CENTRAL IN DETERMINING BEHAVIOR.

Question 6

PSYCHODYNAMIC ORIENTATION:

Answer 6

Behavior is determined by several unconscious, constantly changing factors that often conflict with one another.
-Emphasis is placed on understanding the person as a whole rather than identifying isolated traits.

Question 7

COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL ORIENTATION:

Answer 7

• Environmental influences extremely important (External).
• Reward and Punishment /Carrots & Sticks). -Cognition is involved.
• Significant Others/Influencers.
• Observational Learning (modeling)

Question 8

TRIAT THEORY:

Answer 8

• ARGUED THAT SUCCESSFUL LEADERS HAVE CERTAIN PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS THAT MAKE IT LIKELY THEY WILL BE LEADERS NO MATTER WHAT SITUATION THEY ARE PUT IN.
• EX: MJ NOT ONLY LEADER IN B BALL BUT ALSO BUSINESS WORLD

Question 9

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY:

Answer 9

EXPLAINS AGGRESSION AS BEHAVIOR THAT PPL LEARN THRU OBSERVING OTHERS WHO MODEL PARTICULAR BEHAVIORS, FOLLOWED BY RECEIVING REINFORCEMENT FOR EXHIBITING SIMILAR ACTIONS.

Question 10

SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVIST THEORY:

Answer 10

Assumption is that individuals actively construct
meaning in their lives, and that their ability to construct meaning matures over their lifespan.
This maturation is influenced by the interaction between social experience and intra-personal
(cognitive & emotional) developmenT
-COGNITION
-EMOTIONS

Question 11

RESEARCH QUESTION:

Answer 11

is the THEORETICAL ANALYSIS point of departure of scholarly research in both the natural and social sciences

Question 12

RESEARCH VARIABLE

Answer 12

is a measurable characteristic that varies. It may change from group to group, person to person, or even within one person over time. There are six common variable types

Question 13

EMPIRICAL STUDY

Answer 13

One that uses statistics to make an indisputable point, rather than quotes experts.

Question 14

PSYCHOLOGICAL CORE

Answer 14

The central, internal, and consistent part of an individual’s personality. It includes an individual’s self concept, basic values, attitudes, and motives; a person’s true self.

Question 15

ROLE-RELATED BEHAVIORS:

Answer 15

How one acts in a particular social situation

Question 16

TYPICAL RESPONSES

Answer 16

The manner in which a person usually responds to particular environmental situations. Typical responses, when distinguished from play-acting, may be valid indicators of the psychological core of an individual’s personality.

Question 17

ATTRIBUTIONS/ ATTRIBUTION THEORY:

Answer 17

How people explain their successes and 
failures
• Stability
• Locus of causality 
• Locus of control

Question 18

PERSISTENCE

Answer 18

firm or obstinate continuance in a course of action in spite of difficulty or opposition.

Question 19

ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION

Answer 19

A persons orientation to strive for task success, persist in the face of failure, and experience pride in accomplishments

Question 20

ACHIEVEMENT GOAL THEORY

Answer 20

• Focus extra attention on task-oriented goals. • Foster mastery or task motivational climates.

Question 21

TASK (MASTERY) ORIENTATION

Answer 21

Task goal orientation (or mastery goal orientation)

focuses on improving relative to oneᾼs own past PERFORMANCES.

Question 22

EGO (COMPETITIVE) ORIENTATION

Answer 22

a dispositional tendency to feel most successful in an activity only when one demonstrates one’s ability relative to that of others, such as when one outperforms an opponent

Question 23

PERCEIVED ABILITY/ COMPETENCE

Answer 23

the individual believes that they have the skills to succeed in the chosen leisure activity.

Question 24

LEARNED HELPLESSNESS

Answer 24

Entity thinking/Fixed mindset vs. Growth mindset

 Make ability attributions (fixed)

 Rather than effort attributions (growth)

 Can re-train: Attribution Training

Question 25

MOTIVATIONAL CLIMATE

Answer 25

Create the right motivational climate to
enhance motivation.
• Provide mastery as well as different levels of
organized competition opportunities (elite,
recreational etc.).
• Provide for multiple motives and opportunities.
• Appropriate to individuals and groups.

Question 26

ENTITY THINKING

Answer 26

Something that exists as a particular and discrete unit: Persons and corporations are equivalent entities under the law.

2. The fact of existence; being.
3. The existence of something considered apart from its properties.

Question 27

COMPETENCE MOTIVATION

Answer 27

• People are motivated to feel worthy or
competent.
• Feelings of competence and worth, as well
as perceptions of control, determine
motives.

Question 28

GROWTH VS. FIXED MIND SET

Answer 28

• In a fixed mindset students believe their basic abilities, their intelligence, their talents, are just fixed traits.
• In a growth mindset students understand that their talents and abilities can be developed through effort, good teaching and persistence.

Question 29

INTRINSIC MOTIVATION

Answer 29

Intrinsic motivation refers to motivation that is driven by an interest or enjoyment in the task itself, and exists within the individual rather than relying on external pressures or a desire for reward.

Question 30

EXTRINSIC MOTIVATION

Answer 30

-Extrinsic motivation refers to the performance of an activity in order to attain an outcome, whether or not that activity is also intrinsically motivated

Question 31

COGNITIVE EVALUATION

Answer 31

is a theory in Psychology that is designed to explain the effects of external consequences on internal motivation.

Question 32

ACTIVE LISTENING

Answer 32

is a communication technique used in counselling, training and conflict resolution, which requires the listener to feed back what they hear to the speaker,