key terms

Question 1

French & Dutch colonization

In relation to key concept

Key Concept: different economic and imperial goals of European powers shaped social structure and interactions with natives

Answer 1

• relied on trade alliances & intermarriages with American Indians
• Helped build economic & diplomatic relationships ➡️ helped gain furs and other products for export to Europe ➡️ better economy

Question 2

English colonization

in relation to key concept

Key Concept: different economic and imperial goals of European powers shaped social structure and interactions with natives

Answer 2

• families were moving to colonies (permanent settlement)
• often wanted economic improvement, religious freedom, better living conditions

Question 3

Spanish colonization

in relation to key concept

Key Concept: different economic and imperial goals of European powers shaped social structure and interactions with natives

Answer 3

• goal: extracting wealth from land (mineral wealth = gold)
• systems of subjugating native populations, converting them to Christianity (encomienda system)
• incorporated Natives and Africans into Spanish colonial society

Question 4

New England colonies

in relation to key concept

Key concept: What were the primary environmental, economic, cultural, and demographic factors that contributed to the regional differences in the development of early British colonies?

Answer 4

• initially settled by Puritans
• small towns with family farms
• mixed economy of agriculture & commerce
• included NH, RI, CI, Mass Bay, Plymouth

Question 5

Chesapeake colonies

in relation to key concepts

Key concept: What were the primary environmental, economic, cultural, and demographic factors that contributed to the regional differences in the development of early British colonies?

Answer 5

• exported tobacco
• needed labor ➡️initially white, male indentured servants; later, enslaved Africans
• included VA & MD

Question 6

British West Indies

Answer 6

• based on agriculture due to climate
• tobacco and sugar = $$$
• lots of african slaves
• chattel slavery/slave codes
• SUGAR PLANTATIONS

Question 7

Indentured Servants

Answer 7

• working to pay off cost of travel from Europe to America
• some came seeking better life
• some came as alternative prison in England
• ultimately set free after some time

Question 8

Puritan

Answer 8

• wanted more change in Protestantism
• came to Mass Bay

Question 9

Predestination (Calvinism)

Answer 9

• believed that “everything happens for a reason” / “God makes everything happen”
• used this to justify bad and good things that happened at the colonies

Question 10

Uprising of 1622

Answer 10

• Natives attacked Jamestown
• killed 1/3 of English population there
• changed dynamic between Natives and English

Question 11

“City upon a hill”

Answer 11

• Puritans believed that they were the “model” for the Anglican church in England
• John Winthrop says this
• wanted everyone to see Puritans as an “example” for what they should be

Question 12

Pilgrim

Answer 12

• Separatists
• wanted to form separate religious community from Anglicanism
• settled in Plymouth in 1620

Question 13

Mayflower Compact

Answer 13

• agreed to form a government
• “our better ordering & preservation” - goal: permanent settlement

Question 14

Maryland Toleration Act

Answer 14

1649 - granted freedom of worship to all Christians

Question 15

Headright system

Answer 15

• investors often paid for an immigrant to move to the colony
• the settler got a certain amount of land to work on
• became motivation for ppl to come to Virginia / Maryland
• led to more workers on the colony - grew tobacco production

Question 16

House of Burgesses

Answer 16

• representative assembly in Virginia
• first elected legislative body in the English colonies

Question 17

Pope’s Rebellion (Pueblo Revolt)

Answer 17

• 1680 - rebellion led by Popé in New Mexico
• rebelled because of harsh labor and religious repression (effects of encomienda system)
• killed nearlly all Spanish on ranches and farms ➡️ Governor Otermin retreated to Mexico w/ survivors
• took 12 yrs for Spanish to regain control of New Mexico

Question 18

black robes

(wasn’t in my notes, but it was on the study guide ???)

Answer 18

• some natives called the European missionaries “black robes” when they tried to convert them

(I got this off of google - I have no clue if it is right)

Question 19

Missionaries

Answer 19

people who tried to convert others to Christianity

Question 20

Mercantalism

Answer 20

competition for land
(land = resources = money = power ‼️)

Question 21

Pequot War

Answer 21

• English wanted to expand territory and attacked the Pequots (main goal: wanted land )
• 400 pequots were killed
• Pequots = from CT

Question 22

King Philip’s War

Answer 22

• tensions increasing between English and Indians
• English = wanted to convert Indians
• Indians = resented missionaries
• English community was growing ➡️ conflict over land
• English won the war with the help of other Indian tribes (Mohawk)
• Natives wanted to help them for protection in return

Question 23

Iroquois

Answer 23

traded with the English colonists for fur

Question 24

“well ordered community”

Answer 24

• only those recognized as true believers could join the church
• only church members could vote
• church and state = INTERTWINED

Question 25

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 25

* dissenter * Puritan * had her own interpretation of the bible ➡️ kicked out of the colony

Question 26

Roger Williams

Answer 26

* believed in separation of Church and State * created new colony in RI (Providence) * Providence = 1st colony to separate church and state (1636) * a place for religious dissenters * colony had religious freedom

Question 27

Town Meetings

Answer 27

* Puritan town meetings - only the "saved" voted * was in the "best interested of the community"

Question 28

Chattel Slavery

Answer 28

* Race based system of slavery (chattel slavery) widely used by 1700s * demand for labor on sugar plantations led to chattel slavery * racism allows to **control** and **justify** slavery * chattel slavery led to racism; racism did **not** lead to chattel slavery * laws were put into place to keep slaves apart and control them 🟰 avoid rebellion

Question 29

Bacon's Rebellion

Answer 29

* Virginia * small elite, many poor * aristocratic order: a govt by the small priveleged class * governor - Willian Berkely * difference in wealth and power between rich and poor was increasing ⬆️ * violence increasing ⬆️and tensions with colonists and Indians ⬆️ * Bacon feared unity w/ tribes and attacked them * Berkely believed that they needed friendly tribes for protection * Bacon marched with Africans, slaves, poor whites and set the town on fire * the crown sent 1,000 troops * most rebels surrendered and pardoned Main reasons for rebellion: *** wanted equal treatment for lower class * wanted to kill Indians and take their land**

Question 30

Quakers

Answer 30

* a peaceful religious group of dissenters from England * protestant * Pennsylvania * led by William Penn

Question 31

Praying towns

Answer 31

* towns where English colonists taught Natives the Puritan religion

Question 32

Beaver Wars | (not in my notes, but it's on the study guide)

Answer 32

* wars fought over beaver pelts * very luxurious item * between Iroquois Confederacy and Algonquian-speaking tribes

Question 33

Halfway Covenant

Answer 33

* allowed baptized adults to be able to baptize their children * encouraged people to work for the benefit of the church * created more of an inclusive society