Key Terms Flashcards
(49 cards)
A chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.
Covalent Bond
Atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei.
Isotopes
A charged chemical species.
Ion
The most stable orbital arrangement of electrons in an atom or molecule.
Ground-state configuration
A chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.
Covalent Bond
The net electrical character arising from an asymmetric charge distribution.
Dipole moment
A compound formed between two elements with different electronegativities.
Ionic compound
A bond that possesses an asymmetric distribution of electrons.
A polar covalent bond
The molecular shape in which a central atom is bonded to four other atoms located at the corners of an imaginary tetrahedron.
Tetrahedral
The molecular shape in which a central atom is bonded to five other atoms located at the corners of a trigonal bipyramid.
Trigonal bipyramidal
The molecular shape in which a central atom is bonded to three other atoms lying in a plane at 120° angles to one another.
Trigonal planar
The principle of minimising electron–electron repulsion by placing electron pairs as far apart as possible.
Valence-shell-electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR)
The temperature and pressure above which the distinction between the liquid and vapour phases disappears.
Critical point
The attractive force between polar molecules that results from the negative end of one molecule aligning with the positive end of its neighbour.
Dipole–dipole forces
The force resulting from the induction of a dipole in a molecule by a neighbouring molecule having a permanent dipole.
Dipole-induced dipole forces
The attraction between the negatively charged electron cloud of one molecule and the positively charged nuclei of neighbouring molecules.
Dispersion forces
A moderately strong intermolecular attraction caused by the partial sharing of electrons between a highly electronegative atom of F, O or N and the polar hydrogen atom in a F─H, O─H or N─H bond.
Hydrogen bond
The ease with which the electron density about an atom or molecule can be distorted.
Polarisability
A molecule composed only of carbon and hydrogen atoms in which all carbon–carbon bonds are single.
Alkane
An unsaturated hydrocarbon with a carbon–carbon double bond.
Alkene
An unsaturated hydrocarbon with a carbon–carbon triple bond.
Alkyne
The bonds connecting axial groups. For organic conformers, the axial bonds are those that are oriented perpendicular to the plane of the chair, boat or envelope.
Axial Bonds
A stereoisomer that differs in the positioning of two groups with respect to a reference plane.
cis–trans isomer
An isomer that cannot be interconverted by rotation around a single bond.
Configurational isomer
