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From USMLE-Rx > KEY TERMS > Flashcards

KEY TERMS Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q 
Stillborn fetus
Symptoms Include: 
Flattened Face
Large, Low Set Ears
Limb Deformities

Hallmark of this syndrome?

A

Potter’s Syndrome
Hallmark: Renal Agenesis –> Incompatible with life
This results in Oligohydrominos due to the decreased ability to urinate in-utero.

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2
Q

Causes of Oligohydrominos

A

ACE-I: Benzapril, contraindicated in pregnancy

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3
Q

99mmTc-Pertechnetate Scan

A

Detects presence of gastric mucosa

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4
Q

Accumulation of 99mmTc-Pertechnetate in Right lower quadrant

A

DDx for Meckel’s Diverticulum that contains ectopic gastric mucosa

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5
Q

“Red Current Jelly Stools”

A

Intussusception

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6
Q

Rapid Onset ED with (+) nighttime erections

A

MCC: Psychogenic impotence

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7
Q

Virchow’s node

A

Supraclavicular node that is hard and enlarged: 1st clinical sign of occult gastric cancer

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8
Q

Sister Mary Joseph nodule

A

Periumbilical mass that will show Gastic CA mets

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9
Q

Bilateral ovarian mass

A 
Think mets from:
stomach: Krukenburg tumor
breast
pancreas
gallbladder
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10
Q

Mucin producing ovarian tumor

A

Krukenburg tumor

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11
Q

Signet Ring Cells

A

Krukenburg tumor

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12
Q

Manometry: Disorganized non-peristaltic contractions of the body of the esophagus

aka: “cork-screw” esophagus”

A

DES

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13
Q

progressive dysphagia to solids –> solids + liquids

A

Esophageal cancer

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14
Q

epigastric pain 1-3 hours after a meal or at night?

A

Duodenal ulcer

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15
Q

pain with deep breathing

A

Pleuritic chest pain

- PE

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16
Q

(-) Couvasier’s sign with systemic signs of cholecystitis

A

Pancreatic CA at the head of the pancreas - will back up the bile duct, thus enlarging the gallbladder. But the problem isn’t in the gallbladder itself - so no pain on palpation

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17
Q

(+) couvasier’s sign

A

Cholecystitis

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18
Q

pruritis, dark urine, pale stools

A

obstructive jaundice

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19
Q

Sudan III stain

A

Stool stain
identifies fat in stool

DDx of malabsorption: > 7 g/day of excreted fat

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20
Q

large fundic folds in a patient with epigastric pain

A

Think Zollinger-Ellison Disease

Gastrin has a trophic effect

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21
Q
  • Decreased Ceruloplasmin

- increased hepatic Copper

A

DDx: Wilson’s disease

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22
Q

high serum ferritin

A

hemochromatosis

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23
Q

increased UA oxalate

A

associated with intestinal malabsorption

Calcium oxalate renal stones may form

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24
Q

Sucralfate

A

drug that will line the ulcerated gastric/duodenal mucosa

Helps duodenal ulcers to heal, but less effective at preventing ulcer recurrence if H. pylori (+)

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25
Metclopromide
DA agonist Pro-kinetic, anti-emetic Used in: Gastroparesis, vomiting, and nausea prevention
26
Misoprostol
PGE1/2 analog - prevent NSAID-related ulcers - used with Mifepristone as an abortifacient - used to speed up labor - used to keep the PDA open
27
Lactulose
Used in hepatic encephalopathy. colonic bacteria metabolize lactulose to an acidic molecule that will take NH3 to NH4+, which cannot be absorbed. "ammonia trap"
28
High BUN
renal failure heart failure dehydration anything that decreases your GFR
29
``` On US: distended gallbladder gallbladder wall thickening Pericholecystic fluid (+) sonographic murphy's sign ```
Acute cholecystitis
30
CEA Classically elevated in: Nml Pathogenic
Nmlly produced in the embryonic pancreas, liver and intestine Abnormal elevation: Classic is, colonic CA. However this is non-specific because CEA is also found in breast, pancreatic and gastric CA + IBS, cirrhosis, and pancreatitis smokers also have > CEA than non-smokers this is for tracking only, and not DDx
31
Ureterosacral Ligament carries?
As it courses above the External Iliac Artery and just lateral to the Internal iliac - Carries the Ureter, Uterine, vaginal, and inferior vesicle arteries in the ligament the ureter is medial, and deep to the uterine artery
32
Marked atrophy of GI villi
Celiac
33
Distended M0 in the intestinal lamina propria
Whipple disease | T. whippelli
34
PMNs in the crypt lumen
UC
35
Intestinal inflammation with granulomas
Crohn's Dx
36
Massive infiltration of the intestinal lamina propria with ATYPICAL lymphocytes
GI lymphoma
37
Explosive diarrhea and nausea with normal GI villi
Lactase Df.
38
meconium ileus
neonatal GI obstruction | In CF, if there is decreased water secretion = can happen
39
heartburn regurgitation dysphagia Barium swallow: dilated esophagus with no peristalsis
CREST syndrome not accompanied by increased gastric acid
40
"birds beak" Barium swallow
Achalasia
41
Abnormal GEJ
Sliding hiatal hernia = stomach will be above the diaphragm - so it is seen on CXR = weird.
42
anti-centromere Ab
Primary biliary cirrhosis
43
florid duct lesion
pre-cirrhotic primary biliary cirrhosis shows granulomatous inflammation of interlobular bile ducts and heavy portal tract infiltrate with inflammatory cells Very similar process to GVH
44
Green liver with micro nodules
progressed primary biliary cirrhosis
45
Mallory bodies neutrophil infiltration fibrosis liver
Alcoholic hepatitis
46
microvesicular steatosis
Reye's syndrome
47
(+) hemosiderin deposition
Hemochromatosis
48
GGT elevation
specific serum marker for alkaline phosphatase origin in the biliary Dx. (+) GGT = (+) biliary damage
49
High PT and Low s[albumin]
severe liver damage = really bad prognosis
50
bleeding time
marker of PLT function not a specific marker for hepatic disease
51
AST>ALT by a factor of 2
Classic for Alcoholic liver Dx
52
ST-segment elevation
MI
53
inferior MI
Block of Right Coronary artery: this also supplies the SA/AV nodes often an Inferior MI will show with Bradycardia
54
use of Atropine can precipitate ____
acute closed - angle glaucoma inuit/asian = inc. risk
55
HBx protein
made by latent HBV: will disrupt normal Cell cycle regulation, binds p53
56
HCV in a normal liver = HCC?
less likely than HBV driven HCC. | HCV will commonly lead to HCC in an "altered environment" = aka cirrhotic liver
57
Glycogen - rich cuboidal epithelial pancreatic tissue
Serous Pancreatic CA
58
columnar mucinous epithelium - pancreas
mucinous cystic neoplasms
59
atypical cells formatting papillary projections in pancreas
papillary variant of pancreatic adenocarcinoma
60
epithelial cells lining a cyst
True pancreatic cyst. not just granulation and fibrous tissue

From USMLE-Rx (1 decks)

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