Key Terms Flashcards
(44 cards)
What are the 6 domains of Knowledge?
- Dispositional
-Biological - Intrapsychic
- Cognitive-Experience
- Social & Cultural
-Adjustment
Comprehensiveness
Explains most or all known facts
Heuristic Value
Guides researchers to important discoveries
Testability (or Falsifiability)
Makes precise predictions that can be empirically tested
Parsimony
Contains few premises or assumptions
Compatibility and Integration
Consistent with what is known in other domains; can be coordinated with other branches of scientific knowledge
operationalization
How dow we define extraversion, happiness, and “regular contact with friends and family?”
Empirical Test
Designing and running a systematic study based on the specific hypotheses
Theory
A supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something
How do we make observations?
We attempt to make reasonable inferences from the behaviour that we observe
emotional stability
Resilient, unflappable, keeps cool under fire, easy going, seldom angry/upset
Neuroticism
Worrier, frequently feeling ‘blue’, often feels threatened, moody, easily provoked
What is Self-Report Data (S-Data)?
- Complete a questionnaire or interview about yourself
- items should cove: Worry, irritability, coolness under fire, resilience, moodness.
- Items should differentiate highs from lows (i.e., Variability in responses)
-Items should avoid potential biases (e.g., social desirability, yea-saying or acquiescence) - Unstructured items: Open-ended questions
- Structured items: response options provided
What are the advantages for self-Report data?
you know yourself in ways others don’t
What are the disadvantages of self-report?
-You might not want to admit certain things about yourself
- You might not know certain things about yourself
What is Observer-Data (O-Data)?
O-Data: Questionnaire or interviews completed by others who know you (vs. others who don’t know you)
- Ask friends or partner to fill out a questionnaire or interview about you & your behaviour
What are the advantages of O-Data?
- Observers can give information that isn’t available through other sources
- You can get more people and more reports
What are the disadvantages of O-Data?
- You usually rely on the individual to recruit/nominate people that they know
- Observers may have their own biases & limits of knowledge
What is Test Data (T-Data)?
- T-Data: Standardized test data: directly observe behaviour or some other response
- An objective test of some kind, such as measuring blood pressure or your time in running a mile
What are the Advantages of T-Data?
- You can bring out behaviour in a controlled setting or in everyday life, depending of the study
- Generally prone to less bias than other data sourced like self and observer reports
What are the disadvantages of T-Data?
- People might guess what personality trait you’re measuring and alter their behaviour (and subsequently, might make a wrong guess about what its about)
- Experimenters themselves may influence participants to get the findings that they expect
What is Life Data (L-Data)?
- L-Data: Concrete, real-life, observable outcomes
- Public record data, such as if you’re married, divorced, have kids, your occupation, income, etc.
What are the advantages of L-Data?
- Unlike other measures, these outcomes have clear importance in people’s lives
What are the Disadvantages of L-Data?
- You often need other forms to provide the psychological context
