Key terms Flashcards
(24 cards)
Sovereignty
Legitimate or widely recognised ability to exercise effective control of a territory within recognised borders
Power
Refers to the ability of one global actor to influence the actions of another
Hard Power
Refers to power exercised through incentive or coercion to influence the actions of other global actors
Soft power
Refers to the ability of one global actor to shape the actions of other global actors via attraction, with the absence of incentive or coercion
Idealism
Refers to a school of thought in which policy is influenced primarily by an ideological principle, as opposed to practical and pragmatic considerations
National Interests
Pursued by states to ensure the survival and potential growth of that state
-Economic prosperity
-National security
-Regional relationships
-International standing
Pragmatism
A school of thought in which policy is influenced primarily by practical considerations, as opposed to a particular ideology
Security
Refers to the protection of a state’s borders from intruders and the maintenance of sovereignty, most commonly achieved through the use of military power
Foreign Policy Instruments
The specific tools employed by a state as part of its foreign policy strategy, in order to fulfil its national interest goals
-Trade
-Aid
-Military
-Diplomacy
Nation
A group of people claiming common bonds based on culture, language and history. Some nations have their own state, such as the Japanese, while others want their own state such as the Tibetans and Kurds
State
Traditionally this term refers to the central actor in global politics. States possess a permanent population, defined territory and recognised sovereignty. Not necessarily culturally homogenous
TNC
A TNC is a company whose operations and investments extend beyond the boundaries of the state in which it is registered
Global governance
Institutions, rules, norms and legal arrangements that seek to facilitate cooperation and manage relations between states. Governance is carried out by both governmental organisations like the United nations and non-governmental organisations
Multilateralism
Refers to a system of coordinating relations between three or more global actors, usually in the pursuit of specific objectives
Unilateralism
Refers to the policy of a state acting alone in regards to upholding/defending their national interest, with little or no regard for the views or interests of other global actors.
Globalisation
Refers to the acceleration and intensification of exchanges of goods, services, labour and capital, which promote global interdependence. These have been facilitated by rapid changes in communication and technology
Non-state actors
can be any organisation that has significant political influence without being associates with only one state
Realism
Involves states (and other global actors) prioritising their specific interest and needs over those of the global community
Cosmopolitanism
Reflects a desire among global actors to cooperate to reach common goals and outcomes to meet challenges that are presented to the global community
International law
Traditionally only relating to states, international law is a body of rules established by custom or written legal agreements that are accepted as binding upon the international community.
Justice
Refers to the concept of moral rightness based on ethics, law, fairness and equity that, importantly, also seeks punishment and/or compensation when these ethics are breached
Ethics
This seeks to address questions of morality and extends to global politics, as global actors are guided by different moral frameworks/positions
International cooperation
Refers to occasions when global actors collaborate and interact with each other in the pursuit of reciprocal common ideals, goals and interests
Crisis diplomacy
Refers to negotiations between actors in the global political arena in response to an immediate crisis
