Key Terms:

Question 1

Phoneme

Answer 1

smallest unit of spoken language (/b/ /g/

Question 2

Grapheme

Answer 2

a part of written language that represents a phoneme (may correspond to one letter or a few letters) Ex. bh, j, eigh

Question 3

Phonological Awareness

Answer 3

The understanding of individual sounds in a spoken language can be manipulated, combined, and separated. Includes rhyming, syllables, and phonemes.

Question 4

Phonemic Awareness

Answer 4

The understanding of the different ways that individual sounds can be manipulated, separated, or combined.

Question 5

Phonics:

Answer 5

Instruction in the relationship between letters and sounds.

Question 6

Syllable

Answer 6

A word or part of a word that contains a vowel or vowel sound in spoken language

Question 7

Onset

Answer 7

The initial consonant in a word

Question 8

Rime

Answer 8

The part of the word that includes the vowel and those that follow it.

Question 9

Syllabication

Answer 9

the act of separating spoken or written words into syllables.

Question 10

Morpheme:

Answer 10

the smallest unit of meaning in a word or syllable

Question 11

Orthogaphy

Answer 11

The rules of representing spoken language in writing. (Spelling, Capitalization, and Punctuation

Question 12

High-frequency words

Answer 12

Words that appear across all texts

Question 13

Irregular Words

Answer 13

a word that does not follow phonetic rules (heart words)

Question 14

Sight Words

Answer 14

Words that students are automatically able to know without decoding

Question 15

Fluency

Answer 15

A measurement of rate, prosody, and phrasing

Question 16

Closed Syllable

Answer 16

Closed in by a consonant (vowels makes it short sound)- (CVC, VC)

Question 17

Open Syllable

Answer 17

Ends in a vowel; vowel makes its long sound (VCe)

Question 18

Silent E

Answer 18

ends in a vowel-consonant-e; vowel makes it’s long sound

Question 19

Vowel Teams

Answer 19

diphthongs + digraphs; the two vowels blend together to make a single sound

Question 20

R-Controlled

Answer 20

contains a vowel +plus “r” vowel sound is changed

Question 21

Consonant-le

Answer 21

at the end of the word/vowel sound e is silent

Question 22

Vygotsky’s Zone of PD

Answer 22

the recognition that each child should be supported through scaffolding and teacher instruction when engaging in tasks that are beyond their current skill level.

Question 23

Rate

Answer 23

the speed at which a student is reading (WPM)

Question 24

Accuracy

Answer 24

correctly identifying and reading the words on the page (WCPM)

Question 25

Prosody

Answer 25

Phrasing, Expression, and Tone

Question 26

Pre-Alphabetic

Answer 26

Read Visual Cues

Question 27

Partial Alphabetic Phase

Answer 27

Able to recognize some sound/spelling

Question 28

Full Alphabetic Phase

Answer 28

Able to recognize most common sounds/spellings

Question 29

Consolidated Alphabetic Phase

Answer 29

Able to recognize chunks of letters within words

Question 30

Automatic Phase

Answer 30

Proficient word reading

Question 31

Predicting

Answer 31

Use evidence from the text to logically predict what's going to happen next.

Question 32

Questioning

Answer 32

Generate and ask questions about the text while reading to deepen understanding

Question 33

Clarifying

Answer 33

Identifying a disruption in comprehension or word knowledge

Question 34

Summarizing

Answer 34

Retell the events in a story or text

Question 35

Visualizing

Answer 35

Creating mental images

Question 36

Inferring

Answer 36

Use background knowledge and info in text to reach logical conclusion

Question 37

Reciprocal Teaching

Answer 37

Questioning, Clarifying, Summarizing, and Predicting

Question 38

Validity

Answer 38

the extent to which an assessment tool measures what it's intended to measure

Question 39

Reliability

Answer 39

the extent to which an assessment tool consistently and accurately measures learning through multiple trials

Question 40

Bias Testing

Answer 40

the assessment unfairly measures penalizes students by gender, race, and other personal characteristics

Question 41

Mean

Answer 41

the average

Question 42

Median

Answer 42

The average of the two middle values

Question 43

Mode

Answer 43

the value that appears most frequently in a data set

Question 44

Standard Score

Answer 44

a set of scores that have the same mean and standard deviation

Question 45

Norm-referenced

Answer 45

measure individual students against a group of other test takers (Standardized Tests)

Question 46

Norming Group

Answer 46

a group of test takers

Question 47

Criterion Referenced

Answer 47

Measure an individual performance related to a predetermined benchmark ( Standards-based)

Question 48

Formal

Answer 48

test results reported in either percentile or percentage (standardized tests, chapter tests, and course exams)

Question 49

Informal

Answer 49

evaluate students outside a written texts format ( observation, portfolios, presentations)

Question 50

Formative

Answer 50

ongoing progress monitoring to assess student performance (brief assess skills, embedded instruction, provides teacher feedback)

Question 51

Summative

Answer 51

measures student learning outcomes (administered after instruction)