key terms

Question 1

who are the 5 feminist key thinkers

Answer 1

Simone de Beauvoir
Charlotte Perkins Gilman
Sheila Rowbotham
bell hooks
Kate Millet

Question 2

what are the strands of feminism and key thinkers for each

Answer 2

Liberal –> SDB, CPG
Socialist –> Sheila Rowbotham
Post modern/intersectionalist –> bell hooks
Radical –> Kate Millet

Question 3

sex and gender

Answer 3

sex = biological differences between males and females
gender = cultural/social differences in men and women, for feminists, gender differences are creations of a patriarchal society

Question 4

patriarchy

Answer 4

society being dominated by men where women are seen and treated as inferior

Question 5

the personal is political

Answer 5

a feminist slogan used by 2nd wave feminists to challenge the concept of a nuclear family and traditional family values

Question 6

equality and difference feminists

Answer 6

difference = women are different but equal or even superior to men, these differences should be celebrated and accepted
equality = seek to eliminate differences between the sexes in the pursuit of equality

Question 7

intersectionality

Answer 7

the problems women are facing are intersectional and involve a combination of female identity, ethnicity, social class and religion

Question 8

otherness

Answer 8

the position of women in a patriarchal society
seen as separate, weaker, subordinate, inferior to men

Question 9

first wave feminism 1850s-1940s

Answer 9

focused on legal and political rights, suffrage movement

Question 10

second wave feminism 1960s-1980s

Answer 10

focused on the different roles that society expected of women than men
sex/gender, the patriarchy and the personal is political became a part of the debate
Betty Friedan’s ‘The Feminine Mystique’ (1963), Kate Millett’s ‘Sexual Politics’ (1970) and Simone de Beauvoir’s ‘The Second Sex’ (1949) were important books of this re-energised movement.

Question 11

third wave feminism 1990s

Answer 11

feminist thinker bell hooks in ‘Ain’t I a woman’ (1981) highlighted how women of different cultures and classes had been left out of the movement so far, as it merely addressed the concerns of the white, middle class woman. Intersectionality was the watchword for this wave.

Question 12

fourth wave feminism 2000s

Answer 12

• Most recent form of feminism, whereby different forms of inequality are being highlighted via the media
• Misogyny in its different forms are being challenged: through sexual harassment cases, online abuse, bank notes and calling out everyday sexism
• # Everyday Sexism Project
• # MeToo movement