key terms

Question 1

when was the baroque period?

Answer 1

1600-1750

Question 2

what characteristics did the baroque period have?

Answer 2

ornamentation and polyphonic textures

Question 3

when was the classical period?

Answer 3

1750-1820

Question 4

what characterised the classical period?

Answer 4

A shift from the baroque era’s complexity to a focus on balance, clarity and elegance

Question 5

when was the romantic period?

Answer 5

1820-1900

Question 6

what characteristics does the romantic period have?

Answer 6

expressive melodie’s, rich harmonies, and emotional depth

Question 7

when was the 20th century music?

Answer 7

1901-2000

Question 8

what characteristics does the 20th century music hold?

Answer 8

a rejection of traditional structures, experimentation with new sounds and techniques and a diverse range of styles

Question 9

what is chamber music

Answer 9

instrumental music played by a small ensemble with one player to a part

Question 10

concerto grosso

Answer 10

a group of solo instruments accompanied by an orchestra

Question 11

gigue

Answer 11

a lively, fast-paced baroque dance, often in compound time

Question 12

basso continuo

Answer 12

a continuous baseline often playing by a keyboard instrument and bass instrument, provides a harmonic foundation for the melody, with the keyboard played improvising the chords about the bass line

Question 13

converting

Answer 13

name for the group of soloists in a concerto grosso

Question 14

ripieno

Answer 14

the body of instrument accompanying the concertino in a baroque concerto

Question 15

sonata

Answer 15

a piece of instrumental music, typically for a solo instrument, often consisting of several contrasting movements

Question 16

realisation

Answer 16

creating a musical accompaniment or filling out a musical score from a simplified or incomplete notation, such as figured bass

Question 17

libretto

Answer 17

the text of words of an opera, or another extended musical work, serving as the foundation for the composers musical score

Question 18

incidental music

Answer 18

music used in a film or play as background to create or enhance a particular atmosphere

Question 19

fusion

Answer 19

music which combines two or more musical styles

Question 20

bossa nova

Answer 20

a brazilian music genre that emerged in the late 1950s, blending samba rhythms with american jazz harmonies

Question 21

jazz

Answer 21

a distinctively american music genre characterised by improvisation, syncopated rhythms and strong swing feel

Question 22

duet

Answer 22

two singers or musicians where both parts are of equal importance

Question 23

samba

Answer 23

a lively brazilian musical genre and dance style

Question 24

acciaccatura

Answer 24

a crushed note, played in as short time as possible. it is notated as a small note with a diagonal line through the stem to show that it really have no value

Question 25

appoggiatura

Answer 25

a leaning note in which the ornament takes half the value of the note it proceeds

Question 26

mordant

Answer 26

a musical ornament involving moving rapidly from one note to another then back again

Question 27

portamento

Answer 27

sliding from one pitch to another

Question 28

trill

Answer 28

rapid alternation between two notes

Question 29

turn

Answer 29

a musical ornament consisting of the note above the written note, the written note, the note below and the written note again

Question 30

marcato

Answer 30

marked, i.e accented (stressed on a certain note)

Question 31

legato

Answer 31

played smoothly

Question 32

staccato

Answer 32

notes played crisply, detached which is shown in the music by placing dots above or below the notes being placed

Question 33

accents

Answer 33

an emphasis, stress or stronger attachment place on a particular note or set of notes

Question 34

tenuto

Answer 34

indicates that a note should be sustained for its full value, or slightly longer with emphasis

Question 35

monophonic

Answer 35

music consisting of a single unaccompanied melody line

Question 36

homophonic

Answer 36

a musical texture in which all parts move in a similar rhythm creating a chordal effect

Question 37

heterophonic

Answer 37

multiple voices/instruments simultaneously perform the same melody, but with slight variations or embellishments

Question 38

fugal

Answer 38

compositional technique where a main theme, or subject is introduced and then imitated or repeated in different parts, creating a complex, interwoven texture

Question 39

counterpoint

Answer 39

intertwining two or more melodie’s

Question 40

polyphonic

Answer 40

s musical texture where two or more parts move independently of each other

Question 41

contrapuntal

Answer 41

two or more independent melodic lines performed at the same time

Question 42

imitation

Answer 42

one part copying or imitating another, not necessarily at the same pitch

Question 43

antiphonal

Answer 43

where a bar or phrase is alternated between two instruments, group of instruments or singers from anti and phonos

Question 44

unison

Answer 44

two or more people performing the same note or melody

Question 45

octaves

Answer 45

melody is played an octave apart

Question 46

loops

Answer 46

pre recorded musical phrase or section that is repeated continuously often used in electronic music

Question 47

homorhythmic

Answer 47

a texture where all voices or parts move with the same rhythm

Question 48

diminished seventh

Answer 48

a chord built up of minor thirds

Question 49

dominant seventh

Answer 49

the dominant chord plus an extra note a minor seventh above the root or first note

Question 50

drone

Answer 50

a harmonic effect where a single note or chord is sustained throughout a musical phrase. often appears as a perfect 4th or 5th interval

Question 51

pedal

Answer 51

a sustained or repeated note typically in the bass

Question 52

modal

Answer 52

music which uses mode rather than the traditional major or minor scores, typically folk music

Question 53

harmonic pace

Answer 53

the rate at which chords change

Question 54

cluster chord

Answer 54

a chord consisting of three or more adjacent notes often creating a dissonant and dense soundb

Question 55

diatonic

Answer 55

a scale or harmony system built from traditional major/minor scales

Question 56

functional

Answer 56

chords which relate to each other within a set key

Question 57

false relation

Answer 57

type of dissonance, a harmonic clash that happens when a note in a note in one part is played or sung at the same or immediately before or after a chromatically altered version of the same note in another part

Question 58

ground bass

Answer 58

a compositional technique where a short, recurring melodic pattern in the bass part is repeated throughout a piece

Question 59

suspension

Answer 59

a musical technique where a note, often a non-chord tone is held or sustained from one chord into the next, creating a temporary dissonance that resolves downwards by step into a consonant note

Question 60

augmented 6th chord

Answer 60

type of chromatic chord characterised by the presence of an augmented 6th interval

Question 61

imperfect cadence

Answer 61

in an imperfect cadence the last chord is chord V (the dominant) creating an unfinished effect

Question 62

inverted pedal

Answer 62

when the pedal (the sustained or repeated note) is played at a higher pitch than the other parts