Key Terms

Question 1

Assertion/Claim/Proposition

Answer 1

A statement that can be true or false

Question 2

Antecedent/Consequent

Answer 2

Parts of a conditional statement (if A, then B)

Question 3

Analytic

Answer 3

Analytic truths are true by definition

Question 4

Synthetic

Answer 4

synthetic truths depend on facts

Question 5

A priori

Answer 5

A priori knowledge is independent of experience

Question 6

A posteriori

Answer 6

a posteriori knowledge is gained through experience

Question 7

Necessary

Answer 7

Necessary truths are true in all possible worlds

Question 8

Contingent

Answer 8

contingent truths are true but could be false.

Question 9

Consistent/Inconsistent:

Answer 9

Whether statements or arguments contradict each other.

Question 10

Prove/Proof

Answer 10

Establishing the truth of a claim through evidence and reasoning.

Question 11

True/False

Answer 11

The two possible truth values of a proposition

Question 12

E - Perception

Answer 12

Knowledge gained through sensory experience.

Question 13

E - Reason

Answer 13

Knowledge gained through logical deduction and inference

Question 14

E - Empiricism

Answer 14

The view that knowledge comes primarily from experience.

Question 15

Rationalism

Answer 15

The view that knowledge comes primarily from reason.

Question 16

Skepticism

Answer 16

The questioning of knowledge claims and the possibility of certainty

Question 17

Cognitivism

Answer 17

The view that meaningful statements must be capable of being true or false

Question 18

Fallacy

Answer 18

A mistake in reasoning

Question 19

Deductive

Answer 19

Deductive arguments aim for certainty

Question 20

Inductive Argument

Answer 20

inductive arguments aim for probability

Question 21

M - Normative Ethics

Answer 21

Theories that aim to provide guidelines for moral action.

Question 22

Deontological Ethics

Answer 22

Ethical theories that focus on duties and rules, regardless of consequences

Question 23

Teleological Ethics

Answer 23

Ethical theories that focus on the consequences of actions

Question 24

Consequentialism

Answer 24

The view that the morality of an action depends solely on its consequences

Question 25

Utilitarianism

Answer 25

A type of consequentialism that aims to maximize overall happiness

Question 26

Moral Absolutism

Answer 26

The view that certain actions are always right or wrong, regardless of circumstances

Question 27

Moral Relativism

Answer 27

The view that moral standards are relative to culture or individual beliefs

Question 28

Dualism

Answer 28

The view that mind and body are distinct substances

Question 29

Substance Dualism

Answer 29

The view that the mind is a non-physical substance

Question 30

Property Dualism

Answer 30

The view that the mind is a property of the physical brain.

Question 31

Physicalism

Answer 31

The view that everything is physical