Key terms

Question 1

Food Insecurity

Answer 1

All ppl at all times
Physical. & econ. access
Sufficient, safe & nutritious
Dietary needs & food preferences
Active & healthy lifestyle

Question 2

Under Nourishment

Answer 2

insufficient food for good health and condition

Question 3

Malnutrition

Answer 3

diet does not contain the right amount of nutrients

Question 4

Obesity

Answer 4

• increase affluence –> consumption shifts –> more expensive & processed foods
• fast food outlets promoted by TNCs delivering low-cost, consistent products & employ expats

Question 5

GHI

Answer 5

• measures hunger at global, national & regional levels
• raises awareness of geo. differences in hunger & how these change overtime

Question 6

Agro ecosystems

Answer 6

human-managed ecosystems designed for agricultural production

Question 7

Waste

Answer 7

uneaten/ spoiled food thrown out

Question 8

Physical factors

Answer 8

Temp, light, water, air, soil

Question 9

Temperature/ light

Answer 9

• 16°C = optimum
• -0°C = die
• too high/ low = reduce crop yields
• rice = 16-27°C
• need light –> photosynthesis –> plants differ in liht requirements

Question 10

Water

Answer 10

• = 80% living plants
• irrigation, drainage
• major determiner of crop productivity & quality
• essential for germination of seeds & crop growth
• solvent & transport for minerals & sugars in photosynthesis

Question 11

Air

Answer 11

• CO₂ = photsynthesis
• Oxygen released –> respiration
• Nitrogen –> nitrogen-fixing plants –> make soil more fertile

Question 12

Soil

Answer 12

• fertiliser
• mixture mineral & organic matter
• root systems develop
• plants abasorb essential minerals (nitrogen, phosphurus, potassium, calcium) mostly through roots

Question 13

Types of farming

Answer 13

Arable, pastoral, subsistence

Question 14

Arable

Answer 14

• growing food crops
• fairly level, well-drained, soils
• the Nile Valley
• the Great Plains

Question 15

Pastoral

Answer 15

• Raising livestock
• areas unsuitable for arable
• soils often limited fertility
• livestock farming only when the carrying capacity of area not exceeded
• hill farming, Wales

Question 16

Subsistence

Answer 16

• provision of food by farmers for own consumption & local community
• farmers vulnerable to food shortages due to lack of capital & other entitlements
• Wet-rice farming

Question 17

Commercial

Answer 17

• farming for profit
• large scale with high capital inputs

Question 18

Shifting cultivation, sedentary, plantations, intensive, extensive

Question 19

Shifting cultivation

Answer 19

• confined to a few isolated places
• low pop. density (sustainable for that)
• large areas of land
• limited food demands
• e.g. indigenous groups in tropical rainforest
• rotation of fields rather than of crops

Question 20

Sedentary

Answer 20

• farmers stay in 1 place
• cultivate same land year after year

Question 21

Extensive

Answer 21

• large-scale commercial farming
• inputs of lab. & capital = small in relation to area farmed
• yields/ hectare = low
• yields/ capital = high
• Canadian prairies cereal farming

Question 22

Intensive

Answer 22

• small-scale with high lab. and/or capital inputs
• high yields/ hectare

Question 23

Cash crops

Answer 23

agricultural products grown primarily for sale and profit, rather than for personal consumption or use

Question 24

Land grabbing

Answer 24

acquisition of farmland in developing countries by other countries seeking to ensure their own food security

Question 25

Globalisation

Answer 25

increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of the world's economies, cultures, and societies through trade, investment, and communication

Question 26

Food miles, carbon footprint

Answer 26

* how far food travel between **producer - consumer** * growing proportion products transported over long distance * supermarket food travels avg. **2400km** before on shelves * **broadening food tastes** (yr round supply of fresh fruit & veg) * sometimes imports **less env. damaging** than home-grown; lettuces in winter greenhouses of UK = higher GHG emissions than grown outdoors in Spain winter & transported to UK

Question 27

Carry capacity- Malthus

Question 28

Technology- Boserup

Question 29

Appropriate technology

Question 30

Short-term food relief

Question 31

GM crops

Question 32

Leaching

Question 33

Desertification

Question 34

Deforestation

Question 35

Degradation, Marginal wall

Question 36

Green wall

Question 37

Water table

Question 38

Nutrient cycle

Question 39

Asian Green Revolution

Answer 39

* farming & agriculture became increasingly efficient * more ppl in factories * -tives: * dependency on high inputs of fertilisers & pesticides * benefitted wealth BUT increased debt among large proportion of rural pop. * globalisation led to industrial rev. & development

Question 40

Food supply chain

Question 41

FAO

Question 42

Storage, JIT

Question 43

Climate change

Question 44

Salinisation

Question 45

Diet

Question 46

Biodiversity

Question 47

Break crops, crop rotation

Question 48

Pest, fertilisers, agro chem

Question 49

Eutrophication

Question 50

Changing landscapes

Question 51

SEPE

Question 52

Health, Vitamin bal diet

Question 53

Gender inequality