Key Terms

Question 0

Flat; only viewed from one side.

Answer 0

Two dimensional space

Question 1

A soft light that dissolved edges and made details unclear

Answer 1

Sfumato

Question 2

Objects that can be viewed from all sides.

Answer 2

Three dimensional

Question 3

Lines that describe the edge of a form, emphasized by changes in weight or width.

Answer 3

Contour lines

Question 4

A three dimensional shape that has real weight like a block of marble

Answer 4

Mass

Question 5

The space inside a mass, like a buildings dome

Answer 5

Volume

Question 6

Formed by straight lines or curved ones that progress evenly

Answer 6

Geometric shapes

Question 7

Formed by uneven curves

Answer 7

Organic shapes

Question 8

Representational shapes that have been simplified

Answer 8

Abstract shapes

Question 9

Not meant to refer to anything we can see in the real world

Answer 9

Nonrepresentational shapes

Question 10

Dramatic contrast between highlights and darkness

Answer 10

Chiaroscuro

Question 11

Name of a color on the color wheel

Answer 11

Hue

Question 12

White, black, gray. Make tints and shades but do not affect hue

Answer 12

Neutral colors

Question 13

Vividness of a particular hue

Answer 13

Intensity

Question 14

Colors at the highest level of intensity

Answer 14

Saturated

Question 15

Red yellow and blue

Answer 15

Primary colors

Question 16

Orange green and purple

Answer 16

Secondary colors

Question 17

The primary and secondary colors in a circle

Answer 17

Color wheel

Question 18

Directly across from each other on the color wheel. Red and green. Yellow and purple. Blue and orange.

Answer 18

Complementary colors

Question 19

An intuitive balance of visual weights that result in a more dynamic equilibrium than radial or symmetrical balance.

Answer 19

Asymmetrical balance

Question 20

A method of creating a sense of deep space in two dimensional are based on the effect our atmosphere has on things seen at a distance. Distant forms are portrayed vaguer and closer to the color of the sky than near ones.

Answer 20

Atmospheric perspective

Question 21

Visually satisfying stability in a work of art. It is created by adjusting the placement of art elements in a field.

Answer 21

Balance

Question 22

An alternative to linear perspective organization organization of space developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque in the early 20th century. Built from a collection of observations, objects are seen from several angles simultaneously.

Answer 22

Cubism

Question 23

The organization of visual elements into a composition that is visually satisfying

Answer 23

Designs

Question 24

The empty space around the element becomes an important shape too and must be consciously dealt with. The element is called the positive form, and the altered space is the negative from or negative space. They are also called

Answer 24

Figure and the ground

Question 25

A design whose positive and negative forms are so balanced that it is unclear which part should be called figure and which should be called ground

Answer 25

Figure-ground ambiguity

Question 26

In two-dimensional art, the apparent diminishing in size or forms as they seem to recede from the viewer

Answer 26

Foreshortening

Question 27

The visual place where art elements (figures) are organized. When elements are added to the ground, it becomes, in itself, a shape (called negative form), and must be consciously dealt with. The surface of a two dimensional work of art

Answer 27

Ground

Question 28

The same as the viewers eye level, it is where the sky and the earth appear to meet. In linear perspective, it is where parallel lines converge

Answer 28

Horizon line

Question 29

The principal means of creating the illusion of the third dimension or depth in Western two dimensional art since the Renaissance. All parallel lines appear to converge at points in the distance, called vanishing points. Forms that seem close appear larger than those many to be farther from the viewer

Answer 29

Linear perspective

Question 30

Hues adjacent on the color wheel; when placed together, they form pleasant harmonies because they are closely related. An example would be green, blue-green, and blue.

Answer 30

Analogous colors

Question 31

The family of colors based on yellow, orange, and red; colors that are associated with extreme emotions, chaos, fire, and the sun. They tend to advance towards the viewer

Answer 31

Warm colors

Question 32

The family of colors based on blue purple and green; colors that are associated with clan order the sky and the ocean. They tend to recede away from the viewer

Answer 32

Cool colors

Question 33

The general color of anything we see, without considering the effect of lighting or adjacent colors

Answer 33

Local color

Question 34

The effect of two colors meeting. Differences between them are accentuated; their similarities are not apparent

Answer 34

Simultaneous contrast

Question 35

As opposed to naturalist or realistic colors, colors that are invention of the artist

Answer 35

Arbitrary colors

Question 36

A flat two dimensional surface within which art elements are organized

Answer 36

Picture plane

Question 37

The shape of an art element

Answer 37

Positive form

Question 38

The relative sizes of the parts of an object to each other

Answer 38

Proportion

Question 39

All elements revolve around a central point

Answer 39

Radial balance

Question 40

Repetition of similar shapes, as in patterns

Answer 40

Rhythm

Question 41

The relative size between an object and a constant, usually the size of the average person

Answer 41

Scale

Question 42

Sometimes known as bilateral symmetry, a balance where there is general equivalence of shape and position on opposite sides of a central axis; if folded in half, the forms would match.

Answer 42

Symmetrical balance

Question 43

A sense of coherence or wholeness in a work of art. Unity alone is unlikely to sustain the interest of a viewer. It must be balanced with variety.

Answer 43

Unity

Question 44

In linear perspective, a point where parallel lines appear to converge on the horizon, like railroad tracks meeting at a point in the distance.

Answer 44

Vanishing point

Question 45

The relative importance of an element in a picture plane. Visual weight is dependent on the position, color, size, shape or texture of the element

Answer 45

Visual weight

Question 46

The shape of a space or ground around art elements

Answer 46

Negative form

Question 47

A system of linear perspective invented by the Renaissance artist Filippo Brunelleschi. All parallel lines appear to converge at one point in the distance, the vanishing pout, which is exactly on the horizon line. As in all linear perspective, the sizes of objects shrink as they increase in distance from the viewer.

Answer 47

One-point perspective

Question 48

A glue like substance that holds pigment together, the type of which determines the nature of the medium; for example, oil is the binder in oil paint. Used in all the colored media.

Answer 48

Binder

Question 49

A versatile drawing crayon developed in the late 1700s. It comes in a variety of degrees of hardness and can be used to create both subtle tones and dense blacks

Answer 49

Conté crayon

Question 50

A colored drawing medium with a waxy or oily binder that adheres to paper; does not require fixative

Answer 50

Crayon

Question 51

A drawing technique used to make forms appear three dimensional. A series of parallel lines cross in a net-like fashion, describing the contours of a surface

Answer 51

Cross-hatching

Question 52

A spray of shellac or plastic polymer used in charcoal and pastel drawings to ensure a permanent bond to the paper

Answer 52

Fixative

Question 53

Artists materials, such as oil paint or clay

Answer 53

Media, medium

Question 54

Drawings with pure, precise lines made by a thin metal wire in a holder; the wire is usually silver, but other metals including lead have been used

Answer 54

Metalpoint

Question 55

Colored chalks in sticks that are a combination of loose dry pigment and a binder of paste or methylcellulose

Answer 55

Pastels

Question 56

Reeds grass and bamboo were used to create the first what

Answer 56

Pens

Question 57

Pens made from bird feathers, most commonly goose. Variation in the pressure applied to the pen will smoothly change a lines width. Popular since medieval period

Answer 57

Quills

Question 58

A water soluble paint that dries quickly and can be applied to most surfaces. Originally made for industrial use in the 1950s, it's medium is plastic polymer made from resins.

Answer 58

Acrylic

Question 59

A spraying device that uses an air compressor to propel paint most through a nozzle

Answer 59

Airbrush

Question 60

The combination of cut and pasted paper, photographs, and other materials on a two dimensional surface.

Answer 60

Collage

Question 61

A painting medium in which pigments are mixed with egg yolks

Answer 61

Egg tempera

Question 62

Mixing colored pigment with hot beeswax and then painting the mixture before it dries

Answer 62

Encaustic

Question 63

A permanent wall painting technique. Pigment and water brushed directly into fresh, wet plaster. As the plaster dries the pigment is bound to it and literally becomes part of the wall itself.

Answer 63

Fresco

Question 64

Paint diluted and made transparent. Often built up in layers on top of under painting to create the illusion of three dimensional forms.

Answer 64

Glazes

Question 65

An opaque watercolor made by adding chalk to pigment and gum Arabic. Unlike watercolor, it can be applied more thickly, covers well, and permits changes

Answer 65

Gouache

Question 66

Thick paint that reveals the action of brushstrokes

Answer 66

Impasto

Question 67

Painting done as a foundation for subsequent transparent glazes. Usually establishes basic composition and tonal relationships

Answer 67

Underpainting

Question 68

Transparent paint that is a quick drying combination of pigment and gum arabic. Diluted with water, usually applied to paper

Answer 68

Watercolor

Question 69

A 20th century method that mixes materials (manufactured, natural "found objects," as ell as conventional art media), often using them in unusual ways, without respect for the traditional borders between two and three dimensional media

Answer 69

Mixed media

Question 70

The visual images and symbols used in a work of art or the study or interpretation of these

Answer 70

Iconography