Key Terms

Question 0

Deception

Answer 0

Withholding or lying to participants

Question 1

Informed consent

Answer 1

Participants of research being told what’s happening and them saying yes

Question 2

Right to withdraw

Answer 2

Being able to leave when the participants wants

Question 3

Protection from harm

Answer 3

Ensuring the participants safety, no physical, emotional or mental harm

Question 4

Confidentiality

Answer 4

Being able to tell people in private and knowing it will be kept a secret

Question 5

Debriefing

Answer 5

A way of dealing with deception. Tell the participants the true nature of the study and ask whether they want to withdraw. Normally done after the study

Question 6

Presumptive consent

Answer 6

Asking a different group for their opinion/consent on a research. Not the people doing the experiment

Question 7

Aim

Answer 7

Idea or main focus of your study

Question 8

Hypothesis

Answer 8

A prediction

Question 9

Independent variable

Answer 9

Thing you change

Question 10

Dependant variable

Answer 10

Thing you measure

Question 11

Directional hypothesis

Answer 11

One will do better than the other

Question 12

Non directional hypothesis

Answer 12

One will do differently than the other

Question 13

Privacy

Answer 13

Beef private and knowing you’re not being tested randomly

Question 14

Operationalised

Answer 14

When your id and dv are specific enough to test and measure

Question 15

Closed questions

Answer 15

Questions that have specific answers, yes or no, or participants chose answers from ones provided

Question 16

Interview

Answer 16

A research method or technique that involves a face-to-face real time interaction with an individual

Question 17

Open question

Answer 17

Questions that invite the respondents to provide their own answers rather than select one of those provided

Question 18

Questionnaire

Answer 18

Data are collected through the use of written questions

Question 19

Structured interview

Answer 19

Any interview in which the questions are decided in advance

Question 20

Unstructured interview

Answer 20

The interviewer starts out with some general aims and possibly some questions and lets the interviewees answer guide subsequent questions

Question 21

Lab experiment

Answer 21

An experiment conducted in a special environment where variables can be carefully controlled. Participants are aware they are in an experiment

Question 22

Field experiment

Answer 22

Experiment conducted in a more natural environment and the iv is deliberately manipulated, participants not aware that they are taking part

Question 23

Natural experiment

Answer 23

Experiment where the environment is natural but the change is also natural- not manual change

Question 24

Independent groups

Answer 24

Participants are allocated two or more groups representing different experimental condition

Question 25

Repeated measure

Answer 25

Each participant takes part in every condition under test

Question 26

Matched pairs

Answer 26

Pairs of participants are matched in terms of key variables. One member of each pair is placed in the experimental group and the other in the control group

Question 27

Content analysis

Answer 27

A systematic research technique analysing texts of various types

Question 28

Mean

Answer 28

Adding all the numbers up and dividing by how many numbers their are

Question 29

Median

Answer 29

Middle value in the ordered list

Question 30

Mode

Answer 30

Most common

Question 31

Nominal

Answer 31

The data are in separate categories

Question 32

Ordinal

Answer 32

Data are ordered in the same way- the difference between each answer is not the same

Question 33

Interval p

Answer 33

Data are measures using units of equal intervals

Question 34

Range

Answer 34

Difference between the highest and he lowest

Question 35

Standard deviation

Answer 35

The spread of the data around the mean

Question 36

Internal validity

Answer 36

The degree to which the independent variable causes the changes seen in the dependent variable

Question 37

Predictive validity

Answer 37

Helps predict future behaviour

Question 38

Face validity

Answer 38

Whether the gets appeared to measure what it claimed to of

Question 39

Concurrent validity

Answer 39

The degree to which a test corresponds to an external criterion that is know concurrently

Question 40

Construct validity

Answer 40

Refers to the ability of a measurement tool to actually measure the psychological concept being studied

Question 41

Validity

Answer 41

The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure

Question 42

External validity

Answer 42

Refers to the extent to which the results of a study can be generalised

Question 43

Ecological validity

Answer 43

Test measures behaviour which it true to real life

Question 44

Historical validity

Answer 44

Refers to the time results were obtained in history

Question 45

Population validity

Answer 45

How well the sample can be used to represent the population as a whole

Question 46

Correlation

Answer 46

Relationship between two variables

Question 47

Extraneous variables

Answer 47

Variables that influence the relationship between variables

Question 48

Demand characteristics

Answer 48

Where the participants form an interpretation of the experiments purpose and unconsciously change their behaviour

Question 49

Opportunity sample

Answer 49

Ask people who you first see e.g. People who pass you by in the streets

Question 50

Volunteer sample

Answer 50

Advertise in a newspaper or notice board

Question 51

Random sample

Answer 51

Using random selection to chose participants e.g drawing numbers

Question 52

Reliability

Answer 52

A measure of how consistent an experiment is as we can replicate it and get the same results

Question 53

Inter rate reliability

Answer 53

Comparing your results with a penal of psychologists and them getting virtually the same results