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Key Terms Flashcards

(79 cards)

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1
Q

What is a bar?

A

A ridge like accumulation of coastal sediments exposed at low tide

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2
Q

What is a bay?

A

A wide coastal inlet that is open to the sea

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3
Q

What is a beach?

A

An accumulation of coastal sediments most often occurring in sheltered areas along a coast such as a bay

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4
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The number and variety of living species found in a given area or ecosystem

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5
Q

What is a headland?

A

An area of land jutting out into the sea

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6
Q

What is a cave?

A

A hollow cut by the sea into the base a cliff

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7
Q

What is conservation?

A

The protection of aspects of the environment for the future benefit of people

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8
Q

What is deposition?

A

Dropping of material that was being carried bay a moving force - wave

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9
Q

What is a development?

A

Making use of the coast for a variety of purposes such a tourism, housing and industry

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10
Q

What is a ecosystem?

A

A community of plants and animals that interact with each other and their physical environment

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11
Q

What is erosion?

A

The wearing away and removal of material by a moving force such as the sea

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12
Q

What is a estuary?

A

The mouth of a river as it enters the sea

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13
Q

What is hard engineering?

A

Protecting the coast by building such structures as sea walls and groynes

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14
Q

What is longshore drift?

A

The movement of weathered material down a slope or cliff due to gravity

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15
Q

What is a raised beach?

A

A former beach now standing above sea level and some meters inland

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16
Q

What is soft engineering?

A

Protecting the coast by working with nature

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17
Q

What is a spit?

A

Material deposited by the sea that grows across a bay or estuary

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18
Q

What is a stack?

A

A detached column of rock located just off shore and usually caused by a collapse of an arch

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19
Q

What does sub-aerial mean?

A

On land

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20
Q

What is a wave?

A

A ridge of water formed by the circular movement of water near the surface of the sea

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21
Q

What is an arch?

A

A coastal feature formed by meeting of two caves into either side of a headland

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22
Q

What is an adjustment?

A

Changes designed to react to and cope with a situation

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23
Q

What is an earthquake?

A

A violent shaking of the earths crust

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24
Q

What is emergency aid?

A

Help in the form of food,medical care and housing after a natural disaster

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25
What is an epicentre?
The point on the earth surface directly above the focus of an earthquake
26
What is an hazard?
An event which threatens the well being of people and their poverty
27
What is an infrastructure?
The transport network and the water, sewage and communications systems that are vital to people and their settlements and businesses
28
What is a lahar?
A flow of wet material down the side of a volcanoes ash come which can become a serious hazard
29
What is a natural disaster?
A natural event or hazard causing damage and destruction to property as well as personal injuries and death
30
What is a natural event?
Something happening in the physical environments such as a storm volcanic eruption or earthquake
31
What is plate movement?
Mainly the coming together and the moving apart of tectonic plates
32
What is pyroclastic flow?
A devastating eruption of extremely hot gas, ash and rocks during a period of explosive volcanic activity
33
What is a risk assessment?
Judging the degree of damage and destruction that an area might experience as a result of a natural event
34
What is a storm surge?
A rapid rise in sea level when water is piled up against the coastline to a level far exceeding the normal
35
What is subduction?
The pushing down of one tectonic planet under another at a collision plate margin
36
What is a tropical revving storm?
A weather system of very low-pressure formed over tropical seas and involving strong winds and heavy rainfall
37
What is tsunami?
A tidal wave caused by the shock waves originating from a submarine earthquake or volcanic eruption
38
What Is volcanic activity?
The eruption of molten rock, ash or gasses from a volcano
39
What is a economic sector?
Division of the economy based on the type of economic activity
40
What is energy consumption?
The amount of energy used by individuals, groups and countries
41
What does energy efficient mean?
Making the most of energy sources in order to cut down on waste and reduce consumption
42
What is the energy gap?
Loss of energy caused by phasing out the use of fossil fuels is greater than the amount of energy that is being developed from new sources
43
What is a fossil fuel?
Carbon fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas that cannot be remade
44
What is a global shift?
The movement of manufacturing from HICs to cheaper production locations in LICs
45
What is a high tech industry?
Economic activities that rely on advanced scientific research and produce new innovative and technologically advanced products
46
What is the informal employment?
Types of work not officially recognised | People work for themselves on streets in LICs
47
What is non-renewable energy?
Energy produced from resources that can't be replaced
48
Explain the primary sector
Working of natural resources
49
Explain the secondary sector
Concerned with making things
50
Explain the quaternary sector
High skilled services - research
51
Explain the tertiary sector
Activities that provide services
52
What is a transnational company?
Large company operating in a number of countries and often involved in a variety of economic activities
53
What is accessibility?
Ease which one location can be reached from another
54
What is a brownfield site?
Land that has been previously used abandoned and now awaits a new use
55
What is congestion?
Acute overcrowding caused by high densities of traffic people or businesses
56
What is counter urbanisation?
Movement of people and employment from major cities to smaller cities and towns as well as to rural areas
57
What is meant by environmental quality?
The degree to which an area is free from pollution
58
What is a ethnic group?
A group of people united by a common characteristics
59
What is a greenfield site?
Land that has not been used for urban development
60
What does land value mean?
Market price of a piece of land
61
What is a megacity?
A city or urban area with a population more than 10 million
62
What is a shanty town?
Area of slum housing built of salvaged materials and located either on the city edge or on hazardous ground
63
What is social deprivation?
Well being falls below a minimum level
64
Explain social segregation
Clustering together of people with similar characteristics into separate residential areas
65
What is a socio-economic group?
Group of people sharing the same characteristics
66
What is suburbanisation?
Outward spread of the urban area often at lower densities compared with older parts of a town
67
What is urban regeneration?
Investment in the capital reviving old urban areas either improving or clearing away
68
What is urban re-imaging?
Changing the image of an urban area and the way people view it
69
What is an urban manager?
People who make important decisions affecting urban areas
70
What is a urbanisation?
Growth in the percentage of a population living and working in and urban area
71
What is agro-forestry?
Growing trees as windbreaks to protect against soil erosion
72
What is climate change?
Long-term changes in the global atmospheric conditions
73
What is deforestation?
The deliberate clearing of forested land often causing serious environmental problems such as soil erosion
74
What is desertification?
The spread of desert conditions into what were semi-arid areas
75
What does fragile mean?
A term used to described those natural environments that are sensitive to and easily abused by human activities
76
What is global warming?
A process whereby global temperatures rise over time
77
What is a refugee?
A person whose reasons for migrating are due to fear of persecution or death
78
What is soil erosion?
The washing or blowing away of topsoil so that the fertility of the remaining soil is greatly reduced
79
What does sustainable mean?
Actions that minimise negative impacts on the environment and promote human well-being

Geography (8 decks)

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