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Human Geography Exam Review > Key Terms > Flashcards

Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Absolute Location

A

location determined by a frame of reference, usually latitude and longitude

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2
Q

Accessibility

A

degree of ease with which it is possible to reach a certain location from other locations

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3
Q

Activity Space

A

space within which daily activity occurs

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4
Q

Cartography

A

art and science of making maps

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5
Q

Connectivity

A

amount of direct linkage between places by transportation and communication

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6
Q

Contagious Diffusion

A

form of expansion diffusion, nearly all adjacent individuals are affected

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7
Q

Cultural Barrier

A

ideas or practices unacceptable or unadoptable in that particular culture

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8
Q

Cultural Diffusion

A

cultural element expansion from its place of origin to a wider area

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9
Q

Cultural Hearth

A

place of origin of a major culture

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10
Q

Cultural Landscape

A

visible imprint of human activity

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11
Q

Culture

A

sum total of the knowledge, attitudes, and habitual behavior patterns shared by the members of a society

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12
Q

Culture Complex

A

related set of cultural traits, such as prevailing dress codes and cooking and eating utensils

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13
Q

Culture Trait

A

single element of normal practice in a culture, such as the wearing of a turban

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14
Q

Distance

A

measurement of the physical space between two places

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15
Q

Environmental Determinism

A

Environment (nature) affects human life (culture)

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16
Q

Epidemic

A

regional outbreak of a disease

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17
Q

Expansion Diffusion

A

innovation/idea develops in a hearth and remains strong there while also spreading outward

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18
Q

Fieldwork

A

answer geographic inquiry by visiting places to observe how people’s actions and reactions change those places

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19
Q

Formal Region

A

marked by a certain degree of similarity

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20
Q

Functional Region

A

defined by the particular set of activities or interactions that occurs within it

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21
Q

Generalized Maps

A

information is always generalized on maps

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22
Q

Geocaching

A

hunt for a cache, the GPS coordinates which are placed on the Internet by other geocachers

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23
Q

Geographic Concept

A

ways of seeing the world spatially that are used by geographers in answering research questions

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24
Q

Geographic Information Systems

A

computer technology that lets spatial data be collected and analyzed

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25
Global Positioning System
satellite-based system for determining the absolute location of places or geographic features
26
Globalization
``` set of processes that...without boundaries: • increase interactions • deepen relationships • heighten interdependence Set of outcomes...throughout the world: • unevenly distributed • differently manifested • varying across scales ```
27
Hierarchical Diffusion
main channel of diffusion is some segment of those who are susceptible to/adopting what is being diffused (ex: new shoes)
28
Human-Environment
relationship between humans and physical world | 
29
Independent Invention
trait with many cultural hearths that developed independent of each other
30
Isotherm
line on a map connecting point of equal temperature values
31
Landscape
overall appearance of an area, most are comprised of a combination of natural and human-induced influences
32
Location
how geographical position of people and things affects what happens and why
33
Location Theory
an element of contemporary human geography that seeks answers to a variety of questions
34
Medical Geography
study of health and disease from a geographical perspective
35
Mental Map
maps we carry in our minds
36
Movement
mobility of people, goods, and ideas across Earth
37
Pandemic
worldwide outbreak of a disease
38
Pattern
design of the spatial distribution; what processes create and sustain it
39
Perception of Place
belief or understanding about a place from books, movies, pictures, etc.
40
Perceptual Region
only exists as an idea, not as a physically demarcated entity (different people have different opinions)
41
Physical Geography
study of physical phenomena on Earth
42
Place
all have unique human and physical characteristics; geo-graphers study the special character and meaning of places
43
Political Ecology
the environment/nature is affected by political and socioeconomic contexts
44
Possibilism
humans affect culture
45
Reference Maps
maps that show the absolute location of places and geographic features
46
Region
area of Earth distinguished by a particular characteristic
47
Relative Location
regional position or situation of a place relative to the position of other places
48
Relocation Diffusion
movement of individuals who have adopted the idea/innovation, and carry it to a new (and maybe distant) locale, where they disseminate it (ex: migration)
49
Remote Sensing
collecting data/info (that is almost instantly available) from instruments physically distant from the area or object
50
Rescale
involve players at other scales to generate global support for their position
51
Sense of Place
infusing a place with meaning and emotion
52
Spatial
cultural succession and its lasting imprint, contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape
53
Spatial Distribution
physical location of geographic phenomena across space
54
Spatial Interaction
how places interact with another
55
Spatial Perspective
observing variations in geographic phenomena across space
56
Stimulus Diffusion
spread of an underlying principle
57
Thematic Maps
maps that tell stories
58
Time-Distance Decay
declining degree of acceptance of an idea or innovation with increasing time
59
AIDS
immune deficiency syndrome caused by HIV, spread by bodily contact
60
Child Mortality Rate
death rate of children who die by 5 per thousand live births
61
Chronic Diseases
afflictions of middle and old age such as cancer, stroke, tuberculosis, etc.
62
Crude Birth Rate
of births per year per thousand people
63
Crude Death Rate
of deaths per year per thousand people
64
Demographic Transition
sequence of stages in population growth: 1. Low-growth stage 2. High-growth stage 3. Moderate-growth stage 4. Low-growth/stationary stage
65
Dot Map
map that represents population distribution, where one dot equals a certain # of a population
66
Doubling Time
time required for population to double in size
67
Infant Mortality Rate
baby's death between birth to 1 year old, per thousand births
68
Life Expectancy
average of how long a person is expected to live
69
Natural Increase
difference between # of births and deaths
70
Population Composition
structure of a population by age, gender, marital status, education, etc.
71
Population Distribution
descriptions of locations where individuals/groups live
72
Population Explosion
rapid growth of population by shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase
73
Population Pyramids
shows demographic situation by visually displaying % of each age group in a total population by gender
74
Chain Migration
pattern of migration that develops when migrants move along and through kinship links
75
Forced Migration
human migration flows in which movers have no choice but to relocate
76
Gravity Model
predicts interactions between places based on their population size and distance between them
77
Guest Workers
legal immigrant who has a short term work visa
78
Immigration Laws
laws and regulations of a state designed specifically to control immigration into that state
79
Immigration Wave
phenomenon where different patterns of chain migration combine
80
Internal Migration
human movement within a nation-state
81
Laws of Migration
developed by Ernst Ravenstein 1. Every migration flow generates a return/countermigration 2. Majority of migrants move short distances 3. Long distance migrants tend to choose big-city destinations 4. Urban residents are less migratory than rural inhabitants 5. Young adults more likely to move internationally than families
82
Quotas
limits set by governments on the number of immigrants allowed into a country each year
83
Pull Factors
circumstances that effectively attract the migrant to certain locales from other places
84
Push Factors
conditions and perceptions that help migrants decide to leave
85
Refugees
people who have fled their country from political persecution and seek asylum in another country
86
Cultural Appropriation
process where other cultures adopt customs and knowledge and use them for their own benefit
87
Cultural Landscape
visible imprint of human activity on the landscape
88
Culture
group of belief systems, norms, and values practiced by a people
89
Custom
practice that a group of people routinely follow
90
Hearth
origin of an idea/cultural trait
91
Hierarchical Diffusion
idea/innovation spreads fastest among most connected places/people
92
Site
physical characteristics of a place
93
Situation
location of a place relative to other places
94
Projection
used to transfer places from earth's surface to a flat map

Human Geography Exam Review (1 decks)

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