Key terms (a)

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

The way of life of a society

Question 2

Norms

Answer 2

Behaviour societies expect of their members in particular situations

Question 3

Values

Answer 3

Standards shared by members of a culture and used to judge whether behaviour is right or wrong

Question 4

Roles

Answer 4

Patterns of behaviour expected of someone because of their status in society

Question 5

Status

Answer 5

The position someone has in a society

Question 6

Beliefs

Answer 6

Statements people hold to be true

Question 7

Social construction

Answer 7

The idea that social situations and events are created and developed by society instead of existing naturally on their own

Question 8

Social conformity

Answer 8

Acting in accordance with norms and social expectations

Question 9

Social control

Answer 9

Ways in which members of a society are made to conform to norms and values

Question 10

Agencies of social control

Answer 10

Institutions responsible for ensuring that members of a society conform to norms and values

Question 11

Rewards

Answer 11

Positive sanctions/benefits received for good behaviour

Question 12

Punishments

Answer 12

Negative sanctions given for unacceptable behaviour or acts

Question 13

Sub-culture

Answer 13

A group of people within a larger culture that has its own distinctive norms and values

Question 14

Youth sub-culture

Answer 14

A sub-culture of adolescents or young adults distinguishable by their style, dress and musical preference

Question 15

Value consensus

Answer 15

A general agreement across a society on a set of values

Question 16

Conflict

Answer 16

Disagreement between groups of people with different interests

Question 17

Peer group

Answer 17

People of the same status, e.g. being of the same age

Question 18

Ostracism

Answer 18

Excluding someone from the community or group

Question 19

Peer pressure

Answer 19

The influence that a peer group has on its members to force or persuade them to conform

Question 20

Formal social control

Answer 20

Ways in which a people or organisations with the authority to implement laws get people to conform to norms and values

Question 21

Coercion

Answer 21

The use or threat of force or violence by police forces as a form of social control

Question 22

Social order

Answer 22

The ways in which societies and their institutions remain stable over time

Question 23

Masculinity

Answer 23

The expected behaviour associated with being male in a particular society

Question 24

Ethnic minority

Answer 24

An ethnic group that is relatively small in number compared with the majority in a society and is seen as different

Question 25

Globalisation

Answer 25

The process by which different cultures around the world increasingly interact with, are aware of and influence each other

Question 26

Global culture

Answer 26

The idea that globalisation has caused or will cause a single culture shared by people all around the world

Question 27

Diversity

Answer 27

The wide differences between human cultures

Question 28

Lifestyle

Answer 28

The typical way of life of an individual, group or culture

Question 29

Multicultural society

Answer 29

A society where many different cultures or sub-cultures exist alongside each other

Question 30

Age group

Answer 30

Ways in which people of the same or similar age share a status and associated roles

Question 31

Ethnicity

Answer 31

Refers to cultural differences such as religion, language as well as place of origin

Question 32

Race

Answer 32

The supposed biological differences between different groups of people