Key Terms And Concepts-Review 3 Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
What was the supreme court case, Worcester v. Georgia about and what was the ruling?
A
a. Georgia had stated that no whites can live on indian territory unless they had a license.
b. Well it was common for mercenaries to live on indian territory back then. Worcester was one of these mercenaries.
c. He was thrown in jail for living on indian territory and he appealed his case all the way to the SC.
d. The SC ruled Georgia’s law was unconstitutional.
2
Q
What was the Treaty of New Echota?
A
a. The Treaty of Echota was a treaty signed by Andrew Jackson and a Cherokee group.
b. This treaty said that the Indians would relocate to land that the government has secured for the Indians over in Oklahoma.
c. This group of Cherokee did not represent the whole Cherokee nation however, so many tribes stayed in protest.
3
Q
What was the battle that won Texas’ independence?
A
The battle of san jacinto
4
Q
Compared to today, how did people look at campaign events back in the time of Jackson?
A
a. The public saw campaign events as a fun event to go to.
b. These events had you meeting the future president and usually had a feast at it.
c. Basically gave people a free dinner party.
5
Q
Which president followed Andrew Jackson?
A
Martin Van Buren
6
Q
Which president followed Martin Van Buren?
A
William Henry Harrison
7
Q
What were the two biggest demographics that immigrated to the US between 1820-1870?
A
German and Irish
8
Q
What is Nativism?
A
a. The popular feeling during the 1840s that immigrants threw off voting trends
b. This nativism led to more favor of the native americans than immigrants.
9
Q
Who was Horace Mann?
A
a. Known as the Father of Education
b. Led education reform
10
Q
What was Transcendentalism?
A
a. The belief that divinity pervades all nature and humanity
b. Many believers held progressive views on feminism and communal living
11
Q
Who was Ralph Waldo Emerson?
A
a. He was a leader of the Transcendentalist movement
12
Q
Who was Henry Thoreau?
A
a. A prominent transcendentalist
b. Wrote “Walden” Talked about living a simple life
13
Q
Who was Margaret Fuller?
A
a. A prominent transcendentalist
b. Led the womens rights movement within the religion
14
Q
What was the Burned Over District?
A
The western and central areas of New York where revivals and religious formations occured.
15
Q
Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton?
A
a. An American suffragist, abolitionist, and women’s rights leader.
16
Q
What happened at the Topeka Convention of 1855?
A
An anti-slavery state constitution for Kansas was written up after wide scale electoral fraud voted Kansas in as a slave state
17
Q
What happened at the Lecompton Convention of 1857?
A
A pro-slavery constitution was written up to counter the anti-slavery people at the Topeka Convention
18
Q
What happened at the Leavenworth Convention of 1858?
A
Another anti-slavery constitution was written up for Kansas. Was the most progressive out of the four that were written.
19
Q
What happened at the Wyandotte Convention of 1859?
A
Was the final constitution written up for Kansas and is the current constitution. States that Kansas is to be admitted to the Union as a free state, but denied suffrage to women, blacks, and native americans.
20
Q
What was the Oneida Perfectionist Community?
A
Supposed to be “Heaven on Earth”. Men and women engaged in “free love” (multiple marriages) and the community practiced Stirpiculture (the intentional mating of men and women to breed the best/most perfect human being)
21
Q
Who founded the Oneida Perfectionist Community and what were his reasons for founding the community?
A
John Humphrey Noyes
He believed the 2nd coming of Christ had already come, and since no one was sent to Heaven, then he would create Heaven on Earth.
22
Q
Who were Angelina and Sarah Grimke and what were they famous for?
A
The two were sisters that grew up on a south plantation and experienced slavery firsthand.
They wrote “Appeal to the Christian Woman” to appeal to southern women to urge abolition of slavery.
23
Q
What did the clergy think of the Grimke sisters?
A
Thought them to be acting too masculine.
24
Q
What newspaper did William Lloyd Garrison start?
A
The Liberator
25
What fueled the growth of slavery?
Westward expansion and technological advancements like the cotton gin and the reaper.
26
What percentage of families owned a slave in the south?
About 30%
27
What was the basis of the Social Darwinism argument for the advocacy of slavery?
Said that the Anglo is superior to the african and having the african in proximity to the Anglo is beneficial to them because they can learn from us.
28
George Fitzugh compared slavery to factory workers in the North. What was the foundation of his argument?
Said slaves are treated better than factory workers and that slaves don't have to deal with job competition.
29
Legally, what were the two punishments for slaves under Texas law?
Hanging for murder, arson, insurrection, etc.
| Whipping for any other minor crime or disobedience.
30
What was the rationale behind acting violent towards your slaves in the South?
The masters were worried that if they weren't tough on their slaves, then they could freely revolt. But being violent would cause the slaves to fear revolting.
31
Give a brief explanation of the Amistad Case.
Spanish traders illegally captured 53 Africans from Sierra Leone and went to sell them in Cuba. Aboard the Amistad, a slave breaks his shackles and organizes a revolt. They sail to North USA but are arrested for piracy. Eventually, the SC rules that they are free to return home.
32
What were the challenges with interviewing the tribal leaders in Sierra Leone? (Regarding the Amistad documentary)
The elders were typically very old, and many of them had passed away before the interviewers got to them. The elders also knew of these historical figures by different names.
History was kept verbal so many historians might only remember a small piece of history from that time.
33
What are the Mande warrior values? (Amistad documentary)
Leaders are elected based off war experience. Leaders fought at the front line. All Mande warriors carried a "cultural talisman" with them.
34
What is the Poro? (Amistad documentary)
A secret society that extended across multiple tribes in Sierra Leone. All spoke Mende so aboard the Amistad, the africans all had a common language. This is how the slaves were able to cooperate.
35
What is the area of Lomboko? (Amistad documentary)
The area where the slaves were from.
36
Who was Nat Turner and what was his nickname? (think slave rebellions)
Known as the "Prophet"
Believed that God mandated him to end slavery. Interpreted a solar eclipse as a sign so he sparked a revolution-killing approx. 60 white men,women, and children
37
What is the Middle Passage?
The passage that slave ships took to get to America
38
In Dr. McInnis' words, how did slaves cope with slavery?
Identity and agency.
| Agency- Trying to create independence and control in their lives
39
How did slaves create identity in their lives?
- Passively resisted their masters (breaking tools, not being productive, taking a long time to do work)
- Slave religion (African-Christian hybrid)
- Slaves were very passionate about their families
40
In slave culture, who was the head of the family and why?
The wife/mother. This is because the father was usually sent away to do contract labor for the master or independently. Plus, the father was usually hunting or fishing to supply extra food.
41
What wad the name of the american/african hybrid language that slaves spoke?
Gullah
42
What was the American Colonization Society and what colony did they establish?
An organization that charged for membership which would then be used to purchase slaves and send them back home to Africa. Founded what is now known as Liberia.
43
What journalist coined the term "manifest destiny"?
John Louis O'Sullivan
44
Who won the election of 1844?
James K. Polk
45
What did President Polk run on? (during his campaign)
Expansion of the united states. Promised to acquire Texas, Oregon, and California throughout his presidency
46
Under what treaty did the U.S. annex the Oregon territory through and what was the territory's cut off?
Under the Buchanan-Pakenham treaty.
| Annexed all land under the 49th parallel
47
When Polk annexed Texas into the Union, what did he effectively do Mexico?
Broke diplomatic relations
48
Who was the delegate sent to negotiate with Mexico?
John Slidell
49
What was John Slidell told to negotiate with Mexico?
Was supposed to:
- Declare the Rio Grande as the border of Texas/Mexico
- To see if Mexico would sell California for $30 million
50
Who were the 3 major commanders in the War Against Mexico and what were their respective regions that they fought for?
Zachary Taylor- South Texas/North Mexico
Stephen Kearny- New Mexico/California
Winfield Scott- Central Mexico
51
Under what treaty was the war with Mexico ended?
The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
52
What were the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo?
- All Mexican claims above the Rio Grande were surrendered
- California and New Mexico were ceded to America for $15 million
- Citizenship was granted to all current inhabitants of CAli and NM
53
Regarding journalism, what did the war against Mexico introduce?
Front line correspondence
54
Regarding casualties, where does the war against mexico rank in deadliness?
The Mexican War was the deadliest war in American history
55
What was the David Wilmot Proviso?
Proposed that no slavery be allowed in the new areas acquired from Mexico.
Politicized slavery
56
Who won the presidency in the election of 1848?
Zachary Taylor
57
After Zachary Taylor's death, who became president?
Millard Fillmore
58
What was included in Clay's Compromise?
- Cali gets admitted as free state
- Utah and NM are admitted as territories that will have governments that are created via popular sovereignty
- Texas to cede its western lands for $10 million
- Slave Trade (but not slavery) gets abolished in District of Columbia
- A strict Fugitive Slave Law enacted
59
What is the Gadsten Purchase of 1853?
A tiny area under New Mex purchased for a new transcontinental railroad.
60
What wad the Ostend Manifesto?
A record of a meeting between the US and Spain that basically showed the US saying that if Spain wouldn't sell Cuba then the US would take it
61
Who was Anthony Burns?
A fugitive slave that became a popular lecturer on anti-slavery
62
What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
- Proposed by Stephen Douglas
| - To get south on board, Kansas and Nebraska would be set up via popular sovereignty
63
What piece of legislation did the Kansas-Nebraska Act effectively nullify?
The Missouri Compromise.
| 1the M.Compromise said that no land above missouri could contain a slave state.
64
What was the Know-Nothing Party and who was their poster child?
- Anit-Catholic and anit-immigration
- Died out because they were too similar to the Republicans
- Millard Fillmore
65
What was the main idea of all the Lincoln-Douglas debates?
Slavery
66
Who won the election of 1860?
Lincoln
67
What were the 7 states that seceded immediately?
```
South carolina
Mississippi
Florida
Alabama
Georgia
Louisiana
Texas
```
68
What was the first capitol of the C.S.A.?
Montgomery, Alabama
69
The C.S.A.'s constitution was very similar to the U.S.'s, but what was one notable change? (Hint: we the people)
Instead of "we the people..." they put "we the sovereign and independent states"
70
Who was the C.S.A.'s president elect?
Jefferson Davis
71
There were a lot of union soldiers still stationed in the South but what was the name of the fort where the bulk of union forces fell back to in S.Carolina?
Ft. Sumter
72
What were the four states that eventually seceded from the union after the Ft. Sumter incident?
Virginia
Arkansas
Tennessee
N.Carolina
73
There were four slave states that did not seceded. What were these four states?
Delaware
Kentucky
Missouri
Maryland
74
According to most historians, what were the major causes of the civil war?
- Cultural and economic differences
- Failure of the political part system
- States rights
75
According to Dr. McInnis, what were the causes of the civil war?
Slavery
| None of the other problems would have been a big deal, or would not have happened if it weren't for slavery.
76
According to Dr. McInnis, what was the "immediate trigger" for secession?
The election of Abraham Lincoln
77
How did the Union finance the civil war?
1862 revenue act
1862 legal tender act
Govt bonds
78
What was the 1862 revenue act?
The first form of income tax. originally designed to help finance the civil war
79
What was the 1862 legal tender act?
Issued "greenbacks" which were fiat money --> Money that has no gold or silver backing it
80
Who was Jay Cooke and what did he do that was so instrumental in financing the civil war?
He created and successfully sold government bonds
81
Who wrote "A Shopkeeper's Millenium"?
Paul E. Johnson
82
Who wrote "Abigail Adams: A Revolutionary American Woman"?
Charles W Akers
83
Who wrote "Incidents in the life of a slave girl"? (NOT the editor)
Harriet Jacobs
84
What was the Homestead Act of 1862 and what were the 3 conditions to participate?
Sold land to farmers who were wanting to move westward. Three conditions:
1. Could not have borne arms against the Unions
2. Have to settle and work the land within 5 years
3. File for a patent for your land
85
What was the Morill Land Grant Act and what university that you personally know of benefited from it?
An act where each state donated a certain amount of land to be used for the creation of higher education related to agriculture, mechanics, and military tactics.
Texas A&M
86
What year did A&M open its doors to black people and women?
1963
87
What were the two railroad companies that built the transcontinental railroad and from what directions did they build from?
Union Pacific-Built from east
| Central Pacific-Built from West
88
Lincoln did many things that threatened the citizens of the Union civil liberties. What were some of these threats to civil liberties?
- Suspension of habeas corpus (guaranteed a trial within a civil court)
- Imposed martial law
- Military conscription (the draft)
89
If a person did not want to fight in the war, but was drafted, what could he do to not go to war?
Could pay $300 to have someone take their place in the draft
90
What was Lincoln's personal and public view on slavery?
Personally: he detested it
Publicly: Would do anything to save the Union
91
What was the Confiscation Act?
Said that Confederate property can be confiscated. And then later, said that any person who did not surrender within 60 days could have their slaves freed
92
What did the Emancipation Proclamation do and after what battle was it announced?
Freed all slaves within the confederate states. Announced after the Battle of Antietam (the bloodiest battle in the war)
93
What were some reasons why the Civil War was so deadly and destructive?
Poor military strategy
Overconfidence that the war would be over soon
Poor medical Techniques
Armies had poor training
Poor leadership
Weaponry was too advanced for the battle tactics used
The reasons for fighting were too passionate
94
What is the "romance of battle"?
Soldiers try to act heroically
| Bystanders will watch battles
95
Who were the two photo journalists for the north during the civil war?
Matthew Brady and Alexander Gardner
96
How were medical techniques during the civil war?
Terrible. Amputation was the most common procedure.
97
What was a doctors medical training like back then?
2 years of training with no license required
98
Overrall, how was leadership among both the Union and Confederate armies?
Leaders were pretty inexperienced.
99
Before the battle of Antietam, what did General George McClellan fail to do?
Act upon military intelligence
100
How did southern POW camps compare to the North's?
Terribly. Andersonville Jail was more like a shantytown built into a hillside.
101
What is Andersonville Jail and who ran it?
A POW camp. Essentially a shantytown. Henry Wirz ran the jail, and was executed after the war for wanton cruelty.
102
What were some of the reasons for the soldiers to fight in the war?
- Peer and community pressure
- Men wanted to show courage to boost their masculinity
- Soldiers in the war formed a "band of brothers" if you will.
- Northern soldiers thought they fought for the preservation of liberty and justice
- Southern soldiers thought they fought for freedom and states rights
103
What role did women assume during the war?
That of the father. Would run the plantation/business.
104
What happened to the Cult of Domesticity during the war?
Gets ignored and thrown out
105
Due to shortages in the South (thanks to the Union blockade) what were women forced to do?
-Make their husbands uniforms and other items
106
Who was the famous Union spy during the Civil War and where was it's spy network located?
Harriet Tubman
| Her network was within south carolina. She had a network of slaves to give her intelligence.
107
Who was the famous CSA spy?
Rose O'Neal Greenshaw
108
What was unique about the civil war regarding women?
Many women posed as men so they could fight in the war
109
Who were some famous women soldiers?
Jennie Hodgers for north
| Loreta Janeta Vasquez for south
110
What was the role of the drummer boy?
To drum commands on the battlefield
111
What was interesting about young men during the Civil War? (boys less than 18 years old)
Had an interesting sense of honor. Would avoid lying to recruitment officers by putting the numbers 1 and 8 in their shoes so they could say "I am 18 and I stand on my word)
112
Overall, how strict was the Union's reconstruction?
Wasn't strict. Was too lenient.
113
What was Lincoln's 10% plan?
Once 10% of a states population pledged their future allegiance to the Union, the state could then start the process for readmission into the Union.
114
What type of ballot ticket had to be used for the election of 1864?
A national union ticket
115
What was Andrew Johnson's reconstruction plan?
- End slavery
- Future oath of allegiance under the 10% plan
- A unionist provisional governor would be appointed to each rebellious state.
- Every rebel state would have to write a new constitution
116
What happened to the slaves once they were freed?
Many went out to celebrate and then to change their names since they all had the last names of their masters.
117
Which amendment ended slavery?
Amendment 13
118
Which amendment gave all slaves citizenship and full protection of the law?
Amendment 14
119
Which amendment gave freedmen the right to vote?
Amendment 15
120
What was the role of the Freedmen's Bureau?
To help former slaves get accustomed to free life. Would help them get jobs and to find places to live and to enroll their kids in school.
121
What were the Black Codes?
- Written by former masters
- Black workers cannot leave the plantation without permission
- Freedmen contracts last 1 year when they would receive all of their wages for the year.
- Prohibited interracial marriage
- Prohibited from voting or holding office
- No right to assemble
122
What did the Black Codes, essentially, reinstate?
Slavery
123
Why did Congress intervene with their own reconstruction plan?
Felt that Johnson was doing a poor job.
Had a sense of revenge towards the south for starting the whole thing.
Genuine fear for African safety.
124
What was Congresses reconstruction plan?
- Place the entire south under the control of 5 military districts
- Attempted impeachment of Johnson
- Had a lot of conditions that each southern state had to follow to get back into the Union
125
What were the conditions for readmission back into the Union under Congress' reconstruction plan?
- Register all eligible Anglo and African voters
- New constitutions to be written
- Form new state and local govts
- Ratify the 13 and 14th amendments
- Elect new senators and congressmen
- Secure congressional approval for all of this
126
Who edited "Incidents in the life of a slave girl"?
Jennifer Fleischner
127
Who wrote Red, White, and Black?
Gary Nash
128
Who edited "Incidents in the life of a slave girl"?
Jennifer Fleischner
129
Who wrote Red, White, and Black?
Gary Nash
130
Who edited "Incidents in the life of a slave girl"?
Jennifer Fleischner
131
Who wrote Red, White, and Black?
Gary Nash
