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Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems > Key Terms: Cardiovascular Disorders > Flashcards

Key Terms: Cardiovascular Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

aneurysm

A

A localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery, caused by weakness of the vessel wall; may eventually burst

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2
Q

angina pectoris

A

A feeling of constriction around the heart or pain that may radiate to the left arm or shoulder, usually brought on by exertion; caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart

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3
Q

arrhythmia

A

Any abnormality in the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat

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4
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening (sclerosis) of the arteries, with loss of capacity and loss of elasticity, as from fatty deposits (plaque), deposit of calcium salts, or formation of scar tissue

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5
Q

atherosclerosis

A

The development of fatty, fibrous patches (plaques) in the lining of arteries, causing narrowing of the lumen and hardening of the vessel wall.

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6
Q

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

Sudden damage to the brain resulting from reduction of blood flow. Causes include atherosclerosis, embolism, thrombosis, or hemorrhage from a ruptured aneurysm; commonly called stroke

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7
Q

clubbing

A

Enlargement of the ends of the fingers and toes caused by growth of the soft tissue around the nails.

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8
Q

coarctation of the aorta

A

Localized narrowing on the aorta with restriction of blood flow

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9
Q

C-reactive protein

A

Protein produced during systemic inflammation, which may contribute to atherosclerosis; high CRP levels can indicate cardiovascular disease and its prognosis

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10
Q

cyanosis

A

Bluish discoloration of the skin caused by lack of oxygen

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11
Q

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

Thrombophlebitis involving the deep veins

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12
Q

diaphoresis

A

Profuse sweating

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13
Q

dissecting aneurysm

A

An aneurysm in which blood enters the arterial wall and separates the layers. Usually involves the aorta

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14
Q

dyslipidemia

A

Disorder in serum lipid levels, which is an important factor in development of atherosclerosis

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15
Q

dyspnea

A

Difficult or labored breathing (-pnea)

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16
Q

edema

A

Swelling of body tissues caused by the presence of excess fluid

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17
Q

embolism

A

Obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or other matter carried in the circulation

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18
Q

embolus

A

A mass carried in the circulation. Usually a blood clot, but also may be air, fat, bacteria, or other solid matter from within or from outside the body

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19
Q

fibrillation

A

Spontaneous, quivering, and ineffectual contraction of muscle fibers, as in the atria or the ventricles

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20
Q

heart block

A

An interference in the conduction system of the heart resulting in arrhythmia

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21
Q

heart failure

A

A condition caused by the inability of the heart to maintain adequate circulation of blood

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22
Q

hemorrhoid

A

A varicose vein in the rectum

23
Q

infarct

A

An area of localized necrosis (death) of tissue resulting from a blockage or a narrowing of the artery that supplies the area

24
Q

ischemia

A

Local deficiency of blood supply caused by obstruction of the circulation (root: hem/o)

25
Q

murmur

A

An abnormal heart sound

26
Q

myocardial infarction (MI)

A

Localized necrosis (death) of cardiac muscle tissue resulting from blockage or narrowing of the coronary artery that supplies that area

27
Q

occlusion

A

A closing off or obstruction, as of a vessel

28
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

Persistence of the ductus arteriosus after birth. The ductus arteriosus is a vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta in the fetus to bypass the lungs

29
Q

phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein

30
Q

plaque

A

A patch. With regard to the cardiovascular system, a deposit of fatty material and other substances on a vessel wall that impedes blood flow and may block the vessel. Atheromatous plaque

31
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

Damage to heart valves after infection with a type of streptococcus

32
Q

septal defect

A

An opening in the septum between the atria or ventricles; a common cause is persistence of the foramen ovale (for-A-men o-VAL-e), an opening between the atria that bypasses the lungs in fetal circulation

33
Q

shock

A

Circulatory failure resulting in an inadequate supply of blood to the tissues.

34
Q

sinus rhythm

A

A normal heart rhythm originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node

35
Q

stenosis

A

Constriction or narrowing of an opening

36
Q

syncope

A

A temporary loss of consciousness caused by inadequate blood flow to the brain; fainting

37
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein associated with formation of a blood clot

38
Q

thrombosis

A

Development of a blood clot within a vessel

39
Q

thrombus

A

A blood clot that forms within a blood vessel (root: thromb/o)

40
Q

varicose vein

A

A twisted and swollen vein resulting from breakdown of the valves, pooling of blood, and chronic dilatation of the vessel

41
Q

ablation

A

Removal or destruction. In cardiac ablation, a catheter is used to destroy a portion of the heart’s conduction pathway to correct an arrhythmia

42
Q

angioplasty

A

A procedure that reopens a narrowed vessel and restores blood flow.

43
Q

artificial pacemaker

A

A battery-operated device that generates electrical impulses to regulate the beating of the heart.

44
Q

cardioversion

A

Correction of an abnormal cardiac rhythm.

45
Q

coronary angiography

A

Radiographic study of the coronary arteries after introduction of an opaque dye by means of a catheter

46
Q

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

Surgical creation of a shunt to bypass a blocked coronary artery.

47
Q

coronary calcium scan

A

Method for visualizing vessel-narrowing calcium deposits in coronary arteries; useful for diagnosing coronary artery disease in people at moderate risk or those who have undiagnosed chest pain; also known as a heart scan

48
Q

creatine kinase MB (CK-MB)

A

Enzyme released in increased amounts from cardiac muscle cells following myocardial infarction (MI). Serum assays help diagnose MI and determine the extent of muscle damage

49
Q

CT angiography (CTA)

A

Computed tomography scan used to visualize vessels in the heart and other organs

50
Q

defibrillation

A

Use of an electronic device (defibrillator) to stop fibrillation by delivering a brief electric shock to the heart.

51
Q

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

A

Dilatation of a sclerotic blood vessel by means of a balloon catheter inserted into the vessel and then inflated to flatten plaque against the artery wall

52
Q

stent

A

A small metal device in the shape of a coil or slotted tube that is placed inside an artery to keep the vessel open after balloon angioplasty

53
Q

stress test

A

Evaluation of physical fitness by continuous ECG monitoring during exercise. In a thallium stress test, a radioactive isotope of thallium is administered to trace blood flow through the heart during exercise

54
Q

troponin (Tn)

A

A protein in muscle cells that regulates contraction. Increased serum levels, primarily in the forms TnT and TnI, indicate recent myocardial infarction (MI)

Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems (8 decks)

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