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CHILD LANGUAGE > KEY TERMS/CONTENT ⭐️ > Flashcards

KEY TERMS/CONTENT ⭐️ Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

0-6 months

A

Random vocalisation

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2
Q

6-12 months

A

Babbling stage

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3
Q

12-18 months

A

Holophrastic stage

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4
Q

18-24 months

A

Two - word stage

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5
Q

24-26 months

A

Telegraphic stage

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6
Q

36-60 months

A

Emergence of simple sentence

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7
Q

What is positive reinforcement

A

Adding a pleasant stimulus - increasing the likelihood of / maintaining a certain demand behaviour

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8
Q

Positive punishment

A

Add adverse stimulus , decreasing behaviour

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9
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Removing an adverse stimulus , decreasing the likelihood of a behaviour

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10
Q

What are the three different approaches to learning language

A

Innate , behaviourist and interactionist

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11
Q

What is social interactionist

A

Child learns via interaction

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12
Q

What is behaviourism

A

Child learns language through behaviourist reinforcement

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13
Q

Innate

A

Language is already in the brain

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14
Q

What did skinner do

A
  • Operant conditioning
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15
Q

What was his aim

A

To get children to learn language through consequences

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16
Q

What was Noam Chomsky known for

A

LAD - ( language acquisition device )

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17
Q

Who created the WUG TEST

A

berko Gleason

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18
Q

What does the WUG test prove ?

A
  • proves LAD , as it shows children are capable of linguistic creativity and can add an S to a word to make it plural , even if they never HEAR the word before
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19
Q

What did Kathryn Nelson say

A

Correction of errors does NOT work

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20
Q

Define virtuous error

A

It is a syntactical error a child makes 1 showing some understanding still

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21
Q

What did Piaget create

A

The cognitive theory

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22
Q

What does the cognitive theory state

A

Children learn through the environment but babies are born with the ABILITY TO ADAPT AND LEARN

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23
Q

What does Vygotskys ZPD stand for

A

Zone of proximal development

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24
Q

What does ZPD mean

A

The distance between where a learner is at developmentally on their own and where a learner COULD be if they received help from the MKO

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25
Who created the idea of scaffolding
Bruner
26
What does scaffolding mean
Adults provide elements of a problem - maintaining the child’s interest and pointing out info that allows the child to increase knowledge about language
27
Name the stages of Bruner LASS ( language acquisition support system)
1. Gaining attention 2. Query 3. Label 4. Feedback
28
What does Lenneburg state
- that there’s a critical period hypothesis - critical learning age after which a child will NEVER learn LANGUAGE PROPERLY
29
Name Hallidays Communicative Functions
Instrumental, regulatory , interactional, personal, heuristic ( lang used to explore learn and discover) , imaginative , representational
30
Instrumental language
Use of Lang to express needs
31
Regulatory lang
Use of Lang to control /regulate the behaviours of others
32
Interactional lang
Lang used to develop social relationships
33
Personal language
Use of Lang to express individuality and personality
34
Heuristic lang
Use of Lang to learn and explore the environment
35
Imaginative language
Use of Lang to explore imagination
36
Representational lang
Communicates factual information
37
Who states about egocentric speech
Piaget
38
Egocentric speech
Children will think that they NEED TO SPEAK all of their thoughts
39
Name David Crystals semantic categories
Food Clothing Vehicles Locations Parts of the body Animals Household objects
40
Jean Aitchison -Stages of semantic development
1 LABELLING 2 PACKAGING 3 NETWORK BUILIDING
41
Labelling
Linking words to objects
42
Packaging
Words can refer to multiple things
43
Network building
Connections between words : eg opposites
44
Katherine Nelson - semantic categories
Naming things Actions / events Describing things Personal / social words
45
Deletion
Omitting consonants in words
46
Addition
Adding an extra vowel sound to the end of a word
47
Substitution
Swapping one phoneme for an easier one
48
Assimilation
Changing one consonant or vowel for another found in the words - GOG FOR DOG
49
Reduplication
Repeating a whole syllable - dada mama
50
What is the FIS PHENOMENON
children understand more than what they can actually pronounce
51
Features of CDS
higher pitch and exaggeration of intonation Use of child’s name , absence of pronouns Fewer verbs and modifiers Large number of one word utterances
52
Snow and Ferguson
More expansion and recasting helps syntactical development
53
What was the gender difference snow found
Men use more ‘wh ‘ questions than females
54
Crystal functions of cds
Attract and hold baby’s attention to break down lang into manageable chunks , MAKES CONVO PREDICTABLE
55
What’s the main sex difference in vocab acquisition
Females tend to learn words FASTER than males to start with - Males catch up in the TELEGRAPHIC STAGE
56
Deep syntax / deep syntactical position
Word in the middle of a sentence
57
Bellugi - her stages of NEGATION
1. Sentences with no or not at beginning or end of a sentence 2. Retains no and not but in deep syntactical position- begin using can’t and don’t 3. addition of didn’t and couldn’t and won’t - more consistency and variety in negation and a way of creating ACCURATE TENSE
58
Bellugi - her stages of NEGATION
1. Sentences with no or not at beginning or end of a sentence 2. Retains no and not but in deep syntactical position- begin using can’t and don’t 3. addition of didn’t and couldn’t and won’t - more consistency and variety in negation and a way of creating ACCURATE TENSE
59
Graphology
How a text appears
60
Morphology
Morpheme is the smallest part of the word - recognised as having meaning
61
Grapheme
Written syllables recognised as having sound , ie : I o s h , in two letters , sh qu ch
62
Monosyllabic
Consisting of one syllable
63
Monophthong
One sound
64
Dipthong
Two sounds
65
Tripthong
Three sounds
66
Telegraphic utterance
Age of 20-24 months , children begin to utter two word phrases , ie: daddy go ( noun verb )

CHILD LANGUAGE (7 decks)

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