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Urinary System > Key Terms: Normal Structure and Function > Flashcards

Key Terms: Normal Structure and Function Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

angiotensin

A

A substance that increases blood pressure; activated in the blood by renin, an enzyme produced by the kidneys

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2
Q

erythropoietin (EPO)

A

A hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow

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3
Q

glomerular capsule

A

The cup-shaped structure at the beginning of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and receives material filtered out of the blood; Bowman (BO-man) capsule

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4
Q

glomerular filtrate

A

The fluid and dissolved materials that filter out of the blood and enter the nephron through the glomerular capsule

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5
Q

glomerulus

A

The cluster of capillaries within the glomerular capsule (plural: glomeruli) (root: glomerul/o)

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6
Q

micturition

A

The voiding of urine; urination

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7
Q

nephron

A

A microscopic functional unit of the kidney; working with blood vessels, the nephron filters the blood and balances the composition of urine

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8
Q

renin

A

An enzyme produced by the kidneys that activates angiotensin in the blood

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9
Q

trigone

A

A triangle at the base of the bladder formed by the openings of the two ureters and the urethra

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10
Q

tubular reabsorption

A

The return of substances from the glomerular filtrate to the blood through the peritubular capillaries

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11
Q

urea

A

The main nitrogenous (nitrogen-containing) waste product in the urine

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12
Q

cast

A

A solid mold of a renal tubule found in the urine

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13
Q

cystitis

A

Inflammation of the urinary bladder, usually as a result of infection

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14
Q

dysuria

A

Painful or difficult urination

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15
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

Inflammation of the kidney primarily involving the glomeruli.

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16
Q

hematuria

A

Presence of blood in the urine

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17
Q

hydronephrosis

A

Collection of urine in the renal pelvis caused by obstruction

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18
Q

hypokalemia

A

Deficiency of potassium in the blood

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19
Q

hyponatremia

A

Deficiency of sodium in the blood

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20
Q

hypoproteinemia

A

Decreased amount of protein in the blood

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21
Q

hyperkalemia

A

Excess amount of potassium in the blood

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22
Q

hypernatremia

A

Excess amount of sodium in the blood

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23
Q

nephrotic syndrome

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A

Condition that results from glomerular damage leading to loss of protein in the urine (proteinuria).

24
Q

oliguria

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A

Elimination of small amounts of urine

25
proteinuria
Presence of protein, mainly albumin, in the urine
26
pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney, usually as a result of infection
27
pyuria
Presence of pus in the urine
28
uremia
Presence of toxic levels of urea and other nitrogenous substances in the blood as a result of renal insufficiency
29
urethritis
Inflammation of the urethra, usually due to infection
30
urinary stasis
Stoppage of urine flow; urinary stagnation
31
dialysis
Separation of substances by passage through a semipermeable membrane. Dialysis is used to rid the body of unwanted substances when the kidneys are impaired or missing. The two forms of dialysis are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis
32
hemodialysis
Removal of unwanted substances from the blood by passage through a semipermeable membrane
33
intravenous urography (IVU)
Radiographic visualization of the urinary tract after intravenous administration of a contrast medium that is excreted in the urine; also called excretory urography or intravenous pyelography, although the latter is less accurate because the procedure shows more than just the renal pelvis
34
peritoneal dialysis
Removal of unwanted substances from the body by introduction of a dialyzing fluid into the peritoneal cavity followed by removal of the fluid
35
retrograde pyelography
Pyelography in which the contrast medium is injected into the kidneys from below, by way of the ureters
36
cystectomy
Surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder
37
ileal conduit
Diversion of urine by connection of the ureters to an isolated segment of the ileum.
38
lithotomy
Incision of an organ to remove a stone (calculus)
39
aldosterone
A hormone secreted by the adrenal gland that regulates electrolyte excretion by the kidneys
40
creatinine
A nitrogenous byproduct of muscle metabolism.
41
detrusor muscle
The muscle in the bladder wall
42
maximal transport capacity (Tm)
The maximum rate at which a given substance can be transported across the renal tubule; tubular maximum
43
renal corpuscle
The glomerular capsule and the glomerulus considered as a unit; the filtration device of the kidney
44
anuresis
Lack of urination
45
anuria
Lack of urine formation
46
cystocele
Herniation of the bladder into the vagina; vesicocele
47
enuresis
Involuntary urination, usually at night; bed-wetting
48
glycosuria
Presence of glucose in the urine, as in cases of diabetes mellitus
49
horseshoe kidney
A congenital union of the lower poles of the kidneys, resulting in a horseshoe-shaped organ
50
hypospadias
A congenital condition in which the urethra opens on the undersurface of the penis or into the vagina
51
nocturia
Excessive urination at night (noct/o means “night”)
52
polycystic kidney disease
A hereditary condition in which the kidneys are enlarged and contain many cysts
53
polyuria
Elimination of large amounts of urine, as in diabetes mellitus
54
staghorn calculus
A kidney stone that fills the renal pelvis and calices to give a “staghorn” appearance
55
Wilms tumor
A malignant tumor of the kidney that usually appears in children before the age of 5 years
56
lithotrite
Instrument for crushing a bladder stone

Urinary System (2 decks)

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