Key terms Test 1

Question 1

Intrathecally

Answer 1

delivered directly to the spinal cord

Question 2

Sublingually

Answer 2

absorption of medication placed under the tongue

Question 3

Intravenously

Answer 3

direct injection into the vein

Question 4

Therapeutic index

Answer 4

most closely related to drug safety

Question 5

Clearance rate

Answer 5

dependent on organ ability to extract blood from plasma

Question 6

potency

Answer 6

threshold dose that produces give response

Question 7

efficacy

Answer 7

dosage range over which drug has desired effect

Question 8

volume of distribution

Answer 8

ratio of drug administered to concentration in the plasma

Question 9

tissue permeability

Answer 9

highly lipid soluble molecules move more easily cross membrane

Question 10

Oral administration

Answer 10

major site of drug metabolism in alimentary tract

Question 11

liver

Answer 11

first pass effect- med goes from stomach to liver and is greatly reduced before reaching bloodtream

Question 12

first pass effect

Answer 12

metabolism/destruction of a drug before reaching the site of action

Question 13

half life

Answer 13

duration of compound activity in the body

Question 14

antagonist drug

Answer 14

reversal of effect of acute drug overdose

Question 15

drug hydrolysis

Answer 15

reaction that breaks compound into separate parts

Question 16

Mu receptor antagonist

Answer 16

mechanism of action for a drug given to reverse opioid effects

Question 17

NSAIDs

Answer 17

GI bleed

Question 18

kidney

Answer 18

primary organ for excreting medications

Question 19

IV drugs concern

Answer 19

increased risk of toxic dose

Question 20

bioavailability

Answer 20

variability of drug in the bloodstream

Question 21

agonist drug

Answer 21

increased synthesis of neurotransmitter molecules

Question 22

severity of effect

Answer 22

difference between side effect and adverse reaction

Question 23

cox-2 inhibitors

Answer 23

associated increased cardiac risk

Question 24

bioequivalency criteria

Answer 24

same side effects and pharmacodynamic profile (generic)

Question 25

low platelet count

Answer 25

associated with bruising

Question 26

adipose tissue

Answer 26

common site of medication storage

Question 27

extended corticosteroid use

Answer 27

increased risk of fracture

Question 28

decreased receptor sensitivity

Answer 28

prolonged increase in stimulation of various receptors

Question 29

standard dose-response curve

Answer 29

shift left = less dose required to produce a response

Question 30

vitamin D

Answer 30

improves calcium absorption from the gut

Question 31

bisphosphonoates

Answer 31

treatment for osteoporosis

Question 32

HRT (hormone)

Answer 32

decreased fracture-based mortality

Question 33

osteopenic

Answer 33

low bone mineral density; T-score of 1-

Question 34

hyperalgesia

Answer 34

excessive opiod exposure; increase in pain sensitivity

Question 35

naloxone

Answer 35

treatment for opioid dependence/overdose (mu receptor agonist)

Question 36

self-administration

Answer 36

patient controlled analgesia, bolus with dose limit

Question 37

COX-2 selective

Answer 37

less GI irritation and bleeding (NSAIDS)

Question 38

Tylenol

Answer 38

- acetaminophen (non anti-inflammatory - analgesic (pain reliever) - antipyretic (fever reducer) - gold standard for OA - works on CNS - efficacy, safety, low cost - side effect: liver toxicity

Question 39

Ibuprofen

Answer 39

- NSAID - analgesic - anti-inflammatory - motrin/advil - antipyretic - anticoagulant - side effects: can damage stomach lining or digestive tract

Question 40

COX 1

Answer 40

- can cause stomach/intestinal ulcers | - enzyme is predominantly found in endothelial cells in mucosal membranes

Question 41

COX 2

Answer 41

- does not cause ulcers | - enzyme predominantly found in in inflamed tissue following infection, tissue damage, or injuries

Question 42

bioavailability

Answer 42

the amount of med that makes it to the blood stream

Question 43

time course concentrations

Answer 43

measureable concentration from dose over time

Question 44

loading dose

Answer 44

higher dose to speed time to therapeutic range

Question 45

maintenance dose

Answer 45

dose to sustain desired therapeutic response

Question 46

therapeutic drug monitoring

Answer 46

monitoring plasma concentration of med to determine if in desired range

Question 47

distribution

Answer 47

where the med goes once in the body

Question 48

volume of distribution

Answer 48

how much med is where in the body

Question 49

concentration

Answer 49

amount of med in the plasma

Question 50

cumulative effect

Answer 50

more pronounced effect with repeated dosing

Question 51

target concentration

Answer 51

usually pertinent for NTI meds

Question 52

steady state

Answer 52

same dose will result in same concentration over time.