Key Terms- THEORY Flashcards
(135 cards)
1
Q
(1) cumulative state of frustration with the work environment that develops over a long time; (2) behaviors exhibited as the result of prolonged occupational stress
A
Burnout
2
Q
loss of satisfaction from providing good patient care
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Compassion fatigue
3
Q
state of optimal functioning or well-being
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Health
4
Q
to be given a license to practice nursing in a state or province after successfully meeting requirements
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Licensure
5
Q
capacity to intentionally bring awareness to present moment experience with an attitude of openness and curiosity; mindfulness promotes healing as you pause, focus on the present, and listen
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Mindfulness
6
Q
law established to regulate nursing practice
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Nurse practice act
7
Q
profession that focuses on the holistic person receiving health care services and provides a unique contribution to the prevention of illness and maintenance of health
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Nursing
8
Q
five-step systematic method for giving patient care; involves assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating
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Nursing process
9
Q
an occupation that meets specific criteria including a well-defined body of specific and unique knowledge, a code of ethics and standards, ongoing research, and autonomy
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Profession
10
Q
process allowing a nurse to apply for and be endorsed as a registered nurse by another state
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Reciprocity
11
Q
feeling of despair caused by the transfer of emotional distress from a victim to a caregiver, which often develops suddenly
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Secondary traumatic stress
12
Q
rules or guidelines that allow nurses to carry out professional roles, serving as protection for the nurse, the patient, and the institution where health care is given
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Standards
13
Q
rapidly occurring illness that runs its course, allowing a person to return to one’s previous level of functioning
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Acute illness
14
Q
irreversible illness that causes permanent physical impairment and requires long-term health care
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Chronic illness
15
Q
pathologic change in the structure or function of the body or mind
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Disease
16
Q
period in chronic illness when the symptoms of the disease reappear
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Exacerbation
17
Q
state of optimal functioning or well being
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Health
18
Q
a specific difference that is closely linked to social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage
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Health disparity
19
Q
attainment of the highest level of health for all people
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Health equity
20
Q
behavior of an individual motivated by a personal desire to increase well-being and health potential
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Health promotion
21
Q
health care that takes into account the whole person interacting in the environment
A
Holistic health care
22
Q
abnormal process in which any aspect of the person’s functioning is altered (in comparison to the previous condition of health)
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Illness
23
Q
frequency that a disease occurs
A
Morbidity
24
Q
number of deaths
A
Mortality
25
period in a chronic illness when the disease is present, but the person does not experience symptoms of the disease
Remission
26
something that increases a person’s chance for illness or injury
Risk factor
27
conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality of life outcomes and risks
Social determinants of health
28
disadvantaged subsegment of a community requiring utmost care, specific ancillary considerations, and augmented protection in research; includes those living in poverty, women, children, older adults, rural and inner-city residents, new immigrants, the homeless, mentally ill patients, and people with disabilities and special health care needs
Vulnerable population
29
an active process in which an individual progresses toward the maximum possible potential, regardless of current state of health
Wellness
30
something essential to the health and survival of humans; common to all people
Basic human needs
31
two single-parent families joined together to form a new family unit
Blended family
32
specific population or group of people living in the same geographic area under similar regulations and having common values, interests, and needs
Community
33
nuclear family and other related people
Extended family
34
any group of people who live together and depend on one another for physical, emotional, or financial support
Family
35
understanding and acceptance of others in giving and receiving love
Love and belonging needs
36
family unit, family of marriage, parenthood, or procreation, and their immediate children
Nuclear family
37
need for oxygen, food, water, tempera- ture, elimination, sexuality, activity, and rest; these needs have the highest priority and are essential for survival
Physiologic needs
38
person’s need to be protected from actual or potential harm and to have freedom from fear
Safety and security needs
39
highest level on the hierarchy of needs, which include the need for individuals to reach their full potential through development of their unique capabilities
Self-actualization needs
40
need to feel good about oneself and to believe others hold one in high regard
Self-esteem needs
41
requiring oxygen to live and grow
Aerobic
42
spreading of microorganisms that are less than 5 mcm when an infected host coughs, sneezes, or talks, or when the organism becomes attached to dust particles
Airborne transmission
43
capable of living without oxygen
Anaerobic
44
immunoglobin produced by the body in response to a specific antigen
Antibody
45
foreign material capable of inducing a specific immune response
Antigen
46
antibacterial agent that kills bacteria or suppresses their growth
Antimicrobial
47
absence of disease-producing microorganisms; using methods to prevent infection
Asepsis
48
the most significant and most commonly observed infection-causing agents
Bacteria
49
evidence-based best practices that have proven positive outcomes when implemented together to prevent infection
Bundles
50
presence of an organism residing in an indi- vidual’s body but with no clinical signs of infection
Colonization
51
way for organisms to enter the body that involves proximity between the susceptible host and an infected person or a carrier, such as through touching, kiss- ing, or sexual intercourse
Direct contact
52
process used to destroy microorganisms; destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores
Disinfection
53
transmission of particles greater than 5 mcm
Droplet transmission
54
something that occurs with predictability in one specific region or population and can appear in a different geographical location
Endemic
55
infection in which the causative organism comes from microbial life harbored within the person
Endogenous
56
infection in which the causative organism is acquired from outside the host
Exogenous
57
An inanimate object
Fomite
58
plant-like organisms (molds and yeasts) that can cause infection
Fungi
59
an infection that was not present on admission to a health care institution and develops during the course of treatment for other conditions (nosocomial)
Health care–associated infection (HAI)
60
animal or person on or within which microorganisms live
Host
61
infection that occurs as a result of a treatment or diagnostic procedure
Iatrogenic infection
62
personal contact with either a vector, a living creature that transmits an infectious agent to a human, usually an insect; or an inanimate object, called a fomite, such as equipment or countertops
Indirect contact
63
disease state resulting from pathogens in or on the body
Infection
64
protective procedure designed to prevent the transmission of specific microorganisms; also called protective aseptic techniques and barrier techniques
Isolation
65
practices designed to reduce the number and transfer of pathogens; synonym for clean technique
Medical asepsis
66
something originating or taking place in the hospital (i.e., infection)
Nosocomial
67
organism that lives on or in a host and relies on it for nourishment
Parasite
68
disease-producing microorganism
Pathogen
69
gloves, gowns, masks, and protective eye gear designed to minimize or pre- vent the health care worker’s exposure to infectious material
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
70
natural habitat for the growth and multiplication of microorganisms
Reservoir
71
CDC precautions used in the care of all patients regardless of their diagnosis or possible infection status; this category combines universal and body substance precautions
Standard precautions
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(1) the process by which all microorganisms, including spores, are destroyed; (2) surgical procedure performed to render a person infertile
Sterilization
73
practices that render and keep objects and areas free from microorganisms; synonym for sterile technique
Surgical asepsis
74
CDC precautions used in patients known or suspected to be infected with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes; used in addition to standard precautions
Transmission-based precautions
75
nonhuman carriers—such as mosquitoes, ticks, and lice—that transmit organisms from one host to another
Vector
76
ability to produce disease
Virulence
77
smallest of all microorganisms; can be seen only by using an electron microscope
Virus
78
a condition in which the body temperature is not elevated
Afebrile
79
absence of breathing
Apnea
80
period of diminished or absent Korotkoff sounds; it occurs during the manual measurement of blood pressure in the latter part of phase I and during phase II
Auscultatory gap
81
force of blood against arterial walls
Blood pressure
82
slow heart rate
Bradycardia
83
slow rate of breathing
Bradypnea
84
least amount of pressure exerted on arterial walls, which occurs when the heart is at rest between ventricular contractions
Diastolic pressure
85
difficult or labored breathing
Dyspnea
86
an abnormal cardiac rhythm
Dysrhythmia
87
normal respirations
Eupnea
88
condition in which the body temperature is elevated
Febrile
89
elevation above the upper limit of normal body temperature; synonym for pyrexia
Fever
90
blood pressure elevated above the upper limit of normal
Hypertension
91
high body temperature
Hyperthermia
92
blood pressure below the lower limit of normal
Hypotension
93
low body temperature
Hypothermia
94
series of sounds that correspond to changes in blood flow through an artery as pressure is released
Korotkoff sounds
95
type of dyspnea in which breathing is easier when the patient sits or stands
Orthopnea
96
temporary fall in blood pressure associated with assuming an upright position; synonym for postural hypotension
Orthostatic hypotension
97
wave produced in the wall of an artery with each beat of the heart
Pulse
98
difference between the apical and radial pulse rates
Pulse deficit
99
difference between systolic and diastolic pressures
Pulse pressure
100
elevation above the upper limit of normal body temperature; synonym for fever
Pyrexia
101
gas exchange between the atmospheric air in the alveoli and blood in the capillaries
Respiration
102
highest point of pressure on arterial walls when the ventricles contract
Systolic pressure
103
rapid heart rate
Tachycardia
104
rapid rate of breathing
Tachypnea
105
refers to the hotness or coldness of a substance
Temperature
106
body temperature, pulse and respiratory rates, and blood pressure; synonym for cardinal signs
Vital signs
107
self-care activities such as eating, bathing, dressing, and toileting
Activities of daily living
108
abnormal breath sound heard over the lungs
Adventitious breath sounds
109
listening for sounds within the body
Auscultation
110
ratio of height to weight
Body mass index (BMI)
111
those heard over the larynx and trachea are high-pitched, harsh “blowing” sounds, with sound on expiration being longer than inspiration
Bronchial breath sounds
112
normal breath sounds heard over the mainstem bronchus; they are moderate blowing sounds, with inspiration equal to expiration
Bronchovesicular breath sounds
113
broad health assess- ment that includes a complete health history and physical assessment; it is usually conducted when a patient first enters a health care setting, with information providing a baseline for comparing later assessments
Comprehensive health assessment
114
bluish coloring of the skin and mucous membranes
Cyanosis
115
an excessive amount of perspiration, such as when the entire skin is moist
Diaphoresis
116
collection of blood in subcutaneous tissues that causes a purplish discoloration
Ecchymosis
117
accumulation of fluid in extracellular spaces
Edema
118
type of rapid focused assessment conducted when addressing a life-threatening or unstable situation
Emergency health assessment
119
redness of the skin
Erythema
120
assessment is conducted to assess a specific problem; focuses on pertinent history and body regions but may also be used to address the immediate and highest priority concerns for an individual patient
Focused health assessment
121
a collection of subjective information that provides information about the patient’s health status
Health history
122
purposeful and systematic observation
Inspection
123
the activities of daily living needed for independent living
Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs)
124
yellow appearance of the skin
Jaundice
125
also known as a follow-up assessment, it is one that is conducted at regular intervals during care of the patient; concentrates on identified health problems to monitor positive or negative changes and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions
Ongoing partial health assessment
126
paleness of the skin
Pallor
127
perception of one’s own heartbeat
Palpitation
128
act of striking one object against another for the purpose of producing a sound; used to assess the location, shape, size, and density of body tissues
Percussion
129
small, purplish hemorrhagic spots on the skin that do not blanch with applied pressure
Petechiae
130
systematic examination of the patient for objective data to better define the patient’s condition and to help the nurse in planning care, usually performed in a head-to-toe format; a collection of objective data about changes in the patient’s body systems
Physical assessment
131
anterior surface of the chest wall overlying the heart and its related structures
Precordium
132
physical examination of all body systems in a systematic manner as part of the nursing assessment
Review of systems (ROS)
133
tension of the skin determined by its hydration
Turgor
134
normal sound of respirations heard on auscultation over peripheral lung areas
Vesicular breath sounds
135
a numerical measurement of the waist, used to assess an individual’s abdominal fat and establish ideal body weight
Waist circumference
