Key Titles

Question 1

What are the 2 reasons for why do people commit crimes (functionalism)

Answer 1

1) not everyone is effectively socialised
2) diversity of lifestyles

Question 2

What are the 4 reasons for why is crime good for society?

Answer 2

1) boundary maintenance
2) adaptation and change
3) safety valve
4) warning light

Question 3

What are the 1 reasons why does crime and deviance happen?

Answer 3

1) The American dream

Question 4

What are the 2 reasons for why does crime and deviance happen (Strain Theory)

Answer 4

1) Cohen
2) Cloward + Ohlin

Question 5

What are 4 reasons Marxists say for why does crime and deviance happen?

Answer 5

1) criminogenic capitalism
2) the state and law making
3) selective enforcement
4) ideological functions of crime and law

Question 6

What are the 2 reasons for why do women appear to commit less crime?

Answer 6

1) for chivalry thesis
2) against chivalry thesis

Question 7

What are the 4 reasons for why do women commit less crime than men?

Answer 7

1) functionalist sex role theory - parsons
2) heidensohn - patriarchal control
3) carlen- class and gender deals
4) the liberation thesis

Question 8

What are 3 reasons for why do men commit crime?

Answer 8

1) Messerschmidt
2) Winlow
3) bodily capital

Question 9

What are the 3 reasons for why do EMs appear to commit more crime?

Answer 9

1) real ethnic differences in offending
2) ethnic differences are socially constructed
- Gilroy
- Hail Et Al
3) more recent approaches

Question 10

What are the 3 explanations Left Realists say about why does crime/deviance happen?

Answer 10

1) relative deprivation
2) subcultures
3) marginalisation

Question 11

What are 2 solutions that Left Realists say?

Answer 11

1) reducing inequality
2) democratic policing

Question 12

What are the 5 patterns of crime?

Answer 12

1) Strain theory (Merton)
2) Marxism (Chambliss)
3) Labelling Theory (Becker)
4) Right realists
5) Left Realists

Question 13

What are 3 right realist reasons for why does crime / deviance happen?

Answer 13

1) biological differences
2) inadequate socialisation
3) rational choice theory

Question 14

What are 2 right realist solutions?

Answer 14

1) zero tolerance policing
2) ZTP - broken windows

Question 15

What are the 6 factors and 2 questions for Neo Marxism?

Answer 15

Where did the crime originate?
1) wider origins of the deviant act
2) immediate origins of the deviant act
3) act itself
How has society reacted to this crime?
4) immediate origins of social reaction
5) wider origins of social reaction
6) effects of labelling on deviants future actions

Question 16

What are the 3 explanations for crime prevention and control?

Answer 16

1) situational crime prevention
2) environmental crime prevention
3) social + community / crime prevention

Question 17

What are the 6 reasons for who is labelled in society? (Labelling Theory)

Answer 17

1) social construction of deviance
2) differential enforcement
3) typifications
4) effects of labelling
5) self fulfilling prophecy + deviant career
6) deviance amplification spiral

Question 18

What are the 3 reasons for surveillance?

Answer 18

1) Foucault
2) Synoptic
3) Liquid

Question 19

What are 3 explanations for punishment?

Answer 19

1) Functionalism: Durkheim
2) Marxism: capitalism and punishment
3) Foucault - surveillance

Question 20

What are 4 big factors of crimes of the powerful?

Answer 20

1) explanations of corporate crime
2) scale of corporate crime
3) types of corporate crime
4) invisibility of corporate crime

Question 21

What are the 4 explanations corporate crime?

Answer 21

1) strain theory
2) differential association
3) labelling theory
4) Marxism

Question 22

What are the 4 types of corporate crime?

Answer 22

1) financial crimes
2) crimes against consumers
3) crimes against employees
4) crimes against the environment

Question 23

What are the 5 invisibility of corporate crime?

Answer 23

1) the media
2) lack of political will
3) complex crimes
4) de labelling
5) state corporate crime

Question 24

What are 4 factors for victimology?

Answer 24

1) patterns of victimology
2) positivists victimology
3) critical victimology
4) impact of victimisation

Question 25

What are 4 factors for primary green crime?

Answer 25

1) crimes of air 2) crimes of deforestation 3) crimes of species 4) crimes of water pollution

Question 26

What are 2 factors of secondary green crime?

Answer 26

1) state violence against opposition groups 2) hazardous waste and organised crime

Question 27

What are 3 explanations for green crime?

Answer 27

1) harm-white (transgressive approach) 2) the anthropocentric approach 3) global risk society and the environment (Beck)

Question 28

What are the 4 explanations of state crime?

Answer 28

1) state crime and human rights 2) state crime and the culture of denial 3) neutralisation theory (Matza) 4) crimes of obedience

Question 29

How does the media portray crime give 4 types and 2 factors?

Answer 29

1) political crime 2) crimes by security and police force 3) economic crimes 4) social + cultural crimes 1) scale of state crime 2) state us the source of law

Question 30

What are 2 factors for how does the media portray crime?

Answer 30

1) news values 2) fictional representation of crime

Question 31

What are 3 factors for how might the media cause crime?

Answer 31

1) media and relative deprivation 2) media creates moral panic 3) new communication technology

Question 32

What are the 2 explanations for postmodernism?

Answer 32

1) causes of crime 2) control of crime

Question 33

What are the 4 factors for globalisation and crime?

Answer 33

1) global criminal economy 2) global risk consciousness 3) globalisation, capitalism and crime 4) patters of criminal organisation