Key turning points for women Flashcards
(37 cards)
When was the 19th Amendment and ERA? (decade) Which presidents? ★
-1920s
-Wilson and Hoover
What was the 19th Amendment?
right to vote
Why was the 19th Amendment and ERA a turning point? (4)
-Conservatism vs sexually liberated/flappers
-Women voted in same manner as their husbands
-Campaigns were state-specific e.g. right to own land, serve on juries and register as voters
-ERA first raised but not widely supported
What did the 19th Amendment and ERA mean that women were able to do?
women were able to vote and didn’t face the same restrictions they had in the previous decade
What issue were still evident in the 1920s even after the 19th Amendment and ERA? (2)
-still divisions over priorities for political progress which were grassroots rather than national efforts.
-ERA indicates an appetite for equality but equity is prioritised
When was the New Deal? (decade) Which presidents?
-1930s
-Hoover and FDR
Why was the New Deal a turning point? (4)
-By 1933, 146 women in state legislature
-Women believed men should have first access to jobs post-Wall Street Crash 1929
-Social reform work seen as appropriate for women
-Eleanor Roosevelt pushes for women in public office but federal agencies run by men
What does the New Deal show women gained?
women gained more rights in terms of representation in politics
What issue was still evident in the 1930s even after the New Deal?
-Even though there were more women involved in things like state legislature, there was still opposition or things that made it harder for women to gain equity eg federal agencies being run by men
When was WW2? (decade) Which presidents?
-1940s
-FDR and Truman
Why was WW2 a turning point? (3)
-By 1945, 234 women in state legislature and an increase in women in Congress & public office
-No involvement in wartime decision making
-Conservative groups didn’t support working mothers due to fear of eroding family values
What does WW2 show there was an increase of?
This shows how even with more women in congress and office there were still opinions on women’s rights which limited them
What issue was still evident in the 1940s even after WW2?
Although there were more women in congress and public office as a result of WW2, their rights were still being denied/ limited
When was Rosa Parks and the Civil Rights Movement? (decade) Which presidents?
-1950s
-Truman and Eisenhower
Why was Rosa Parks and the Civil Rights Movement a turning point? (3)
-Prosperity post-war reduced the need for social issue campaigns and an increased focus on women in the home
-Political activity seen as subversive and supportive of communism
-African American women’s participation in campaigning does increase
What does Rosa Parks and the Civil Rights Movement show there was an increase of?
increase in women’s participation in campaigning
What issue was still evident in the 1950s even after Rosa Parks and the Civil Rights Movement?
However, there was an increased focus of women in the home and people viewed political activity as supportive of communist which shows there wasn’t much progression
When was the Great Society Programme? (decade) Which presidents? ★
-1960s
-JFK and LBJ
Why was the Great Society Programme a turning point? (6)
-JFK appointed Eleanor Roosevelt head of a commission to investigate the status of women which led to Equal Pay Act
-LBJ focuses on civil rights, healthcare & education
-Campaigns focus on equality and abortion
-Continued lack of unity in aims or strategies but did agree on the need for equality
-Lack of political party support for women’s issues
-NOW brings legal action against sex discrimination in federal contracts
What did the great Society Programme show?
The fact that JFK appointed Eleanor Roosevelt as head of a commission shows how the government started to recognise the importance of what women wanted
What issue was still evident in the 1960s even after the great Society Programme?
However, there were still issues such as lack of unity which would have restricted women and counteracted their progression
When was ERA (Equal Rights Amendment)? (decade) Which presidents? ★
-1970s
-Nixon, Ford and Carter
Why was ERA a turning point? (5)
-Increase in militancy supported by Betty Friedan and Congresswoman, Martha Griffiths
-1972 ERA passed in Congress and looked to be ratified
-Opposition to ERA organised by Phyllis Schafly who argued women could be eligible for military service, have difficulty in gaining custody of children and undermined family values
-By 1982 had exceeded the time limit for the amendment to be ratified
-80,000-100,000 women active in campaigns. Comparable to temperance movement
What did ERA lead to?
led to around 80,000 - 100,000 women active in campaigns which would have led to more representation and recognition
