key words Flashcards
(26 cards)
suburbanisation
the movement from central homes to the outer edges
urban sprawl
the spread of an urban area to the countryside around it
green belt
open spaces around cities where development is no longer allowed
municipal housing
housing which is built and owned by the government
rural-urban fringe
the transition zone where rural and urban uses mix and often clash
counterurbanisation
movement from homes in the urban area to homes in smaller towns and villages
greenfield
previously undeveloped sites then used to commercial development
brown field
previously developed sites for potential bulding ( queen Victoria Olympic park is an example)
functional zonation
dividing land up by its use or function for example residential use, recreational use or educational use
bid rent model
curtain uses have curtain amounts of utility attached to the land. for example the use of commercial, has more utility attached to an area of land within or close to the CBD than manufacturing land use would. Manufacturing may have more utility attached to an area closer to a port or distribution centre.
Commercial are able tp outbid other uses like residential as they have and ern the most money out of most of the uses.
issues with suburbanisation
increased car use
socioeconomic segregation, those on higher includes move to the outer edges (have cars, can afford transportation, bigger houses)
inadequate facilities in suburban areas scubas entertainment or shops
why has the urban area DECLINED
increased car ownership
city centres perceived as being dangerous and high crime rates
congestion reduces accessibility
higher pollution levels in city areas
worsens as people move out of the areas as some decline and become unattractive with poor infrastructure
development of retail parks scubas fosse park, drag people away from the inner city area
residential seggregation
seggregation of where curtain groups live based on
race/ethnicity
age
income
income
HIC families live in areas where other HIC families live, usually in suburban areas where car use is frequent and use of public transport is at high costs.. Higher house prices indicate nicer areas and therefore attract weather people.
Hic families have a. wide range of choice whereas lower income families have limited choice, usually in worse areas.
AGE
as people develop in the family cycle, priorities wants and needs change. Elderly may want a bungalows whereas younger people may require a flat as a first home and within the inner city area as it matches their needs.
Younger may not get on the property ladder quickly enough- still with family or in worse areas.
RACE/ ETHNICITY
People who migrate move to areas where their culture, food, celebrations are practiced. People often move where their family and friends are.
Landlords a=can come tires racially segregate through racism nd forcing a particular race or ethnicity out of an area.
This can also be forced by the government (SA) where different areas were allocated to whites and others to blacks - institutionalised racial segregation in 1940.
renewal
this is the redevelopment of areas within a large city
benefits-
reduce pollution
attract skilled workrs
attract people back into the city- spend money locally and reboost the local economy
renewal negatives
may create a loss of historic culture
increase in house prices
renewal is costly
FRICTION BETWEEN GROUPS
change in population structure
risk of pollution increase
re urbanisation
the movement of people back into an urban area
renewal= reurbanisation. why
meet housing targets
population pressure
attracts skilled workers
improvement
rural settlements push factors
low provision of services
lack of employment opportunities
transport issues= car owner ship increases
lack of affordable housing in rural settlements meaning younger people are forced out of these areas.
structural unemployments `(Sheffield steel sector)
rural-urban migrants can cause depopulation which worsens the service provision
transport infrastructure for a city issues
increased car ownership as disposable incomes are rising= congestion
commuting workers cause rush hours
rush hours mean busses and trains are needed- only needed when there is rush hours
people visit the CBD for shopping and food, Saturdays are particularly busy
SOLUTIONS - CASE STUDY
curitiba
curitiba factors leading to needing a solution
rapid population growth
government wanted to stimulate economic growth
many delays and congestion was a issue
periods of hyper-inflation discouraged development of roads
