Key Words

Question 1

Abrasion

Answer 1

The process by which rocks within ice sheets and rivers scrape and erode the land over which they pass.

Question 2

Arête

Answer 2

A narrow ridge between two corries, created as corries are formed on two adjacent sides of a mountain.

Question 3

Corrie

Answer 3

An armchair-shaped hollow on the side of a mountain. They form by ice filling a hollow and eroding the side of the mountain through abrasion and plucking and by rotational movement at the base of the hollow. When the glacier melts a lake or lock may be left called a Corrie-loch or tarn.

Question 4

Country park

Answer 4

An area in the countryside surrounding a town or city that has been set aside for people to visit.

Question 5

Erosion

Answer 5

The process by which rocks and landscapes are worn away by agents such as moving ice, wind, flowing water and sea/wave action.

Question 6

Forestry commission

Answer 6

This organisation is responsible for planting and looking after forests throughout the uk.

Question 7

Glacier

Answer 7

A large mass of moving ice that changes the shape of the land over which it is passing.

Question 8

Land use conflict

Answer 8

This occurs when different activities compete with each other to make use of the land.

Question 9

National Park Authority

Answer 9

The organisation that looks after Britain’s National Parks. It also aims to protect these areas outstanding scenic beauty.

Question 10

Plucking

Answer 10

The process by which moving ice tears rocks from the surface over which it moves.

Question 11

Pyramidal peak

Answer 11

A jagged peak on top of a mountain

Question 12

Settlement

Answer 12

A place where people live

Question 13

Spit

Answer 13

A long, narrow pice of land made of sand or shingle, jutting out into the sea, formed by marine disposition.

Question 14

Transportation

Answer 14

The process by which rock particles are carried by rivers, glaciers or wind.

Question 15

Truncated spur

Answer 15

A piece of land, the bottom of which at one time jutted into a valley and was cut away or eroded by a glacier flowing through the valley.

Question 16

U-shaped valley

Answer 16

A valley with very high, steep-sides and a wide, flat bottom formed by a glacier flowing through the original valley.

Question 17

Weathering

Answer 17

The process by which rocks are worn away. This may be through physical action, such as flowing water or wind, or through a chemical reaction between rocks and rainfall, which may have become acidic.

Question 18

Active population

Answer 18

That section of the population of a country which is economically active/working.

Question 19

Birth rate

Answer 19

The number of births per thousand of the population in a country in a given year.

Question 20

Death rate

Answer 20

The number of deaths per thousand of the population in a country in a given year.

Question 21

Demographic Transition Model

Answer 21

Shows the different stages of population a country goes through towards development.

Question 22

Developed countries

Answer 22

Sometimes referred to as ‘more economically developed countries’ (MEDCs).

Question 23

Developing countries

Answer 23

Sometimes referred to as ‘less economically developed countries’ (LEDCs).

Question 24

GNP

Answer 24

Gross national product - the value of all goods and services produced by a country, in a given year.

Question 25

Infant mortality

Answer 25

Number of kids below 1 that die each year.

Question 26

Population density

Answer 26

The average number of people within an area.

Question 27

Population structure

Answer 27

The grouping of the population by age and sex.

Question 28

Standard of living

Answer 28

The level of economic well-being of people in a country.

Question 29

Central business District

Answer 29

The zone that contains the major shops, offices, restaurants etc. In an urban area - normally at centre of settlement at junction of main roads.

Question 30

Commuter settlements

Answer 30

Small settlements on the outskirts of major towns and cities where people who work in the CBD live.

Question 31

Dereliction and urban decay

Answer 31

Closed and abandoned buildings (mines, offices or industries) which often produce visual pollution .

Question 32

Greenbelt

Answer 32

Area surrounding cities and towns in which laws control developments to protect the countryside.

Question 33

Inner city

Answer 33

Area near the centre of a city that basically consists of the older manufacturing zone and low-cost housing zone.

Question 34

Land Use zones

Answer 34

These are areas of a settlement where certain functions are dominant, eg. The industrial zone.

Question 35

Pedestrainised zones

Answer 35

Traffic free zones, usually within a city centre and used for walking and sitting.

Question 36

Renewal and regeneration

Answer 36

When older buildings are demolished and replaced by completely different new buildings.

Question 37

Settlement function

Answer 37

Individual activities that settlements perform,e.g. Commercial, industrial, transport etc.

Question 38

Traffic congestion

Answer 38

Heavy build-up of traffic along major routes which cause serious problems and pollution in many cities.

Question 39

Arable farming

Answer 39

Farms where the main activity and income source is the growing of crops.

Question 40

Biofuels

Answer 40

Non-fossil fuels, obtained from various sources such as gas from animals and crops.

Question 41

Cereal crops

Answer 41

Crops that are grain crops such as oats, wheat etc.

Question 42

Diversification

Answer 42

Adding different enterprises to a farm in order to improve income and allow the farmer to be less dependent on income from farm produce.

Question 43

Drainage

Answer 43

If the underlying rock in an area is clay, bog and marshland may develop in fields - pipes are then lead to drain excess water from the surface and allow land to be farmed.

Question 44

Fertilisers

Answer 44

Substances added to increase fertility and improve crop yield.

Question 45

Insecticides

Answer 45

Chemicals that kill insects that may be attacking the crops and damaging yields.

Question 46

Organic farming

Answer 46

Producing crops and rearing livestock without the use of harmful chemical pesticides, herbicides and fertilisers, antibiotics and growth hormones and no GM organisms or additives.

Question 47

Quotas

Answer 47

Limits imposed on farmers in order to limit the output of certain typed of produce to avoid surpluses and therefore a drop in prices.

Question 48

Climate

Answer 48

This refers to the average weather conditions in a particular area or region, usually measured from temperature and rainfall data taken over a period of 35 years.

Question 49

Climate change

Answer 49

Changes to the average weather conditions over the last 150 years.

Question 50

Fossil fuels

Answer 50

Fuels such as coal and oil obtained from the fossilised remains of plants and animals - when burned they produced gases that pollute the atmosphere, including CO2 (a greenhouse gas).

Question 51

Global Warming

Answer 51

A rise in average global surface temperatures - it began in the mid-nineteen century and is still continuing.

Question 52

Greenhouse effect

Answer 52

The process by which the Earth’s atmosphere traps energy from the sun and warms the Earth - it is increasing due to the release of additional greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

Question 53

Pollutants

Answer 53

Materials that are released into the environment and ultimately cause damage to the physical landscape and atmosphere.

Question 54

Renewable energy

Answer 54

The use of technology to produce cleaner sources of energy that can be continually renewed.

Question 55

Ecotourism

Answer 55

The main aim of this type of tourism is to educate tourists on ecological issues such as conservation and the protection of wildlife and ecosystems.

Question 56

Mass tourism

Answer 56

Refers to the global tourist industry involving hundreds of thousands of tourists visiting both developed and developing countries of the world.

Question 57

National Parks

Answer 57

Areas that are designed as being under the control and protection of National Park Authorities but are open to the public.

Question 58

Regulatory boards

Answer 58

Boards designed to set controls on the impact of tourism on natural environments.

Question 59

Sustainable tourism

Answer 59

This involves monitoring the impact of tourism on society, culture and local ecology and ensuring that it has a positive rather than a negative effect on these areas.