Key Words Flashcards
(32 cards)
Bioinformatics
To compare sequence data, computer and statistical analysis
Phylogenetics
Study of evolutionary history and relationships
What are phylogenetics and molecular clocks used for
To determine the main sequence and events of evolution
Sequence of events can be determined using ?
Fossil evidence and sequence data
Pharmacogenetics
Use of genomic info in the choice of drugs
How can fragments of DNA be separated
Gel electophoresis
Multipotent
Tissue stem cells
Pluripotent
Embryonic stem cells
Missense
Result in one amino acid being changed for another. Resulting in a non functional protein or no effect
Nonsense
Premature stop codon being produced- smaller protein
Splice site
Some introns being retained and/or some exons not being included in the mature transcript
Duplication
Allows potential beneficial mutations to occur as the original gene can still be expressed to produce its protein
Deletion
Genes are completely lost
Inversion
Chromosome breaks in 2 places and a set of genes rotates 180
Translocation
Detached genes become attached to a non homologous chromosome in the complement
Duplication
Detached genes become attached to a homologous chromosome in the complement
Stabilising
An average phenotype is selected for and extremes of the phenotype are selected against
Directional
One extreme of the phenotype is selected for
Disrupted
Two or more phenotypes are selected for
Isolation barriers
Prevent gene flow between sub populations
Allopathic speciation
Geographical
Sympatric
Ecological and behavioural
Birds and mammals
Complete double
2 atria 2 ventricles
Amphibians and reptiles
Incomplete 2 atrium and 1 ventricle
